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href="../19287/proteins-enzymes--1.html">Proteins & enzymes </a></li><li><a href="../19291/lipids-1.html">Lipids</a></li><li><a href="../19299/carbohydrates--1.html">Carbohydrates </a></li><li><a href="../19305/vitamins--1.html">Vitamins </a></li><li><a href="../19313/biochemistry-the-environment--1.html">Biochemistry & the environment </a></li><li><a href="../19336/proteins-enzymes-ahl--1.html">Proteins & enzymes (AHL) </a></li><li><a href="../19347/nucleic-acids--1.html">Nucleic acids </a></li><li><a href="../19361/biological-pigments--1.html">Biological pigments </a></li><li><a href="../19366/stereochemistry-in-biomolecules-1.html">Stereochemistry in biomolecules</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../19390/option-c--1.html" class="father">Option C </a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../19391/energy-sources-1.html">Energy sources</a></li><li><a href="../19407/fossil-fuels-1.html">Fossil fuels</a></li><li><a href="../19411/nuclear-fusion-nuclear-fission-reactions-1.html">Nuclear fusion & 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href="../19194/antiviral-medications--1.html">Antiviral medications </a></li><li><a href="../19211/environmental-impact-of-some-medications-1.html">Environmental impact of some medications</a></li><li><a href="../19254/taxol-a-chiral-auxiliary-case-study-1.html">Taxol - a chiral auxiliary case study</a></li><li><a href="../19258/nuclear-medicine--1.html">Nuclear medicine </a></li><li><a href="../19273/drug-detection-analysis--1.html">Drug detection & analysis </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16592/practical-scheme-of-work-ia--1.html">Practical scheme of work & IA </a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../16682/internal-assessment-1.html" class="father">Internal Assessment</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../18892/scaffolding-the-investigation-1.html">'Scaffolding' the investigation</a></li><li><a href="../18896/timing-organisation--1.html">Timing & organisation </a></li><li><a href="../18905/choosing-the-research-question-1.html">Choosing the research question</a></li><li><a href="../18946/personal-engagement-1.html">Personal engagement</a></li><li><a href="../18950/exploration-1.html">Exploration</a></li><li><a href="../18957/analysis-1.html">Analysis</a></li><li><a href="../18965/evaluation-1.html">Evaluation</a></li><li><a href="../18966/communication-1.html">Communication</a></li><li><a href="../19882/internal-standardization-of-the-ia-1.html">Internal standardization of the IA</a></li><li><a href="../19901/submitting-the-samples-for-moderation-2.html">Submitting the samples for moderation</a></li><li><a href="../33754/ten-suggestions-for-ias-using-secondary-data-1.html">Ten suggestions for IAs using secondary data</a></li><li><a href="../37544/gaining-full-marks-for-a-databased-ia--1.html">Gaining full marks for a databased IA </a></li><li><a href="../19506/ia-example-marking-exercise--1.html">IA example & marking exercise </a></li><li><a href="../23929/genuine-examples-of-moderated-ia-reports-1.html">Genuine examples of moderated IA reports</a></li><li><a href="../25234/examples-of-teacher-marked-ia-reports--1.html">Examples of teacher-marked IA reports </a></li><li><a href="../37542/history-of-internal-assessment-1.html">History of Internal Assessment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../16598/mandatory-laboratory-components-1.html" class="father">Mandatory laboratory components</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../16613/formula-of-magnesium-oxide--1.html">Formula of magnesium oxide </a></li><li><a href="../16612/determining-the-mr-of-an-unknown-gas-1.html">Determining the <i>M</i><sub>r</sub> of an unknown gas</a></li><li><a href="../16615/acid-base-titrations--1.html">Acid-base titrations </a></li><li><a href="../16616/a-green-acid-base-practical-1.html">A green acid-base practical</a></li><li><a href="../16617/analysis-of-aspirin-tablets-1.html">Analysis of aspirin tablets</a></li><li><a href="../16618/caco3-in-egg-shells-1.html">CaCO<sub>3</sub> in egg shells</a></li><li><a href="../16644/enthalpy-changes-1.html">Enthalpy changes</a></li><li><a href="../16631/reaction-rates-1.html">Reaction rates</a></li><li><a href="../16635/rate-dependent-factors-1.html">Rate-dependent factors</a></li><li><a href="../16636/determining-ea-for-a-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> for a reaction</a></li><li><a href="../16637/iodination-of-propanone-1.html">Iodination of propanone</a></li><li><a href="../18144/titrations-with-a-ph-meter-1.html">Titrations with a pH meter</a></li><li><a href="../18355/redox-titration-with-kmno4--1.html">Redox titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub> </a></li><li><a href="../16640/voltaic-cells-1.html">Voltaic cells</a></li><li><a href="../16659/3-d-molecular-modelling--1.html">3-D molecular modelling </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17168/other-good-practicals-1.html" class="father">Other good practicals</a><ul class="level-2"><li><a href="../17196/common-chemical-reactions-1.html">Common chemical reactions</a></li><li><a href="../227/elements-oxides-of-the-third-period--1.html">Elements & oxides of the third period </a></li><li><a href="../17239/the-halogens-1.html">The halogens</a></li><li><a href="../17162/boiling-points-of-mixtures-1.html">Boiling points of mixtures</a></li><li><a href="../17170/polarity-of-molecules-1.html">Polarity of molecules</a></li><li><a href="../18083/le-chateliers-principle--1.html">Le Chatelier's principle </a></li><li><a href="../19582/determining-kc-for-an-esterification-reaction-1.html">Determining <i>K</i><sub>c</sub> for an esterification reaction</a></li><li><a href="../18164/redox-reactions-of-vanadium--1.html">Redox reactions of vanadium </a></li><li><a href="../18351/chlorine-in-swimming-pools--1.html">Chlorine in swimming pools </a></li><li><a href="../18178/analysis-of-cuii-ions-in-solution--1.html">Analysis of Cu(II) ions in solution </a></li><li><a href="../18179/percentage-of-copper-in-brass-1.html">Percentage of copper in brass</a></li><li><a href="../18356/electrolytic-cells--1.html">Electrolytic cells </a></li><li><a href="../18598/reactions-of-organic-compounds-1.html">Reactions of organic compounds</a></li><li><a href="../18752/hydrolysis-of-halogenoalkanes-1.html">Hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes</a></li><li><a href="../18784/preparation-of-13-dinitrobenzene--1.html">Preparation of 1,3-dinitrobenzene </a></li><li><a href="../19022/determination-of-an-organic-structure-1.html">Determination of an organic structure</a></li><li><a href="../19887/preparation-of-nylon-66-1.html">Preparation of nylon 6,6</a></li><li><a href="../19343/determination-of-vitamin-c-content--1.html">Determination of vitamin C content </a></li><li><a href="../19342/hydrolysis-of-starch--1.html">Hydrolysis of starch </a></li><li><a href="../19159/preparation-purification-of-aspirin--1.html">Preparation & purification of aspirin </a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../18851/ict-in-practical-work-1.html" class="father">ICT in practical work</a><ul 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concepts</a></li><li><a href="../3507/why-tok-chemistry-1.html">Why TOK & Chemistry?</a></li><li><a href="../3505/a-modern-paradigm-1.html">A modern paradigm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="../17783/fast-track-to-tests-questions-1.html">Fast track to tests & questions</a><ul class="level-1"><li><a href="../17784/sl-multiple-choice-tests-on-individual-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice tests on individual topics</a></li><li><a href="../24351/sl-multiple-choice-quizzes-on-sub-topics-1.html">SL Multiple choice 'quizzes' on sub-topics</a></li><li><a href="../31519/sl-practice-paper-1-exams-1.html">SL Practice Paper 1 exams</a></li><li><a href="../17786/sl-questions-on-each-sub-topic-1.html">SL Questions on each sub-topic</a></li><li><a href="../20431/sl-paper-3-section-a-questions-1.html">SL Paper 3 Section A questions</a></li><li><a href="../17792/sl-questions-on-the-options-1.html">SL Questions on the options</a></li><li><a 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</div><section id="main-content"><h1><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/Exams/Taking%20exams.jpg" style="width: 1px; height: 1px;"><img alt="" height="21" src="../../../img/tib-icons/standard-level-32-1.png" title="" width="21"> 'Mock' Paper 1 multiple choice exam (3)</h1><section class="tib-teacher-only" readonly="true" title="This box is not visible to students"><div class="header" readonly="true"><img class="icon" src="../../../img/icons/teacher-only.svg"> Teacher only box</div><div class="content" readonly="false"><p>To give your students access to this page you will need to change the access from "Filtered student access" to "Direct student access".</p></div></section><hr class="hidden"><div class="greenBg"><h2>Instructions</h2><ul><li>Time allowed: 45 minutes</li><li>Answer all the questions.</li><li>For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best.</li><li>Use the periodic table from Section 6 of the data booklet as your 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data-structure="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" data-score-answers="6d4a526a457a48584f763758344a7649472f76324c53614b78524c393439595570496d5a5971374b38686f3d"><div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which compound has a different empirical formula to the other three compounds?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="144cf4ddaa76a368d2ab0a4d913471bc"><input type="radio"><span> glyceraldehyde (2,3-dihydroxypropanal) <img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/glyceraldehyde.png" style="width: 90px; height: 105px;"></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="756697adc797f57c76fed9723662c914"><input type="radio"><span> ethanoic acid <img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/ethanoic-(1).png" style="width: 90px; height: 55px;"> </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="02cf7fecedb524fa7ee4abf6aa9b4486"><input type="radio"><span> glucose <img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/glucose.png" style="width: 150px; height: 130px;"></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="698ef6f46a33537da1e3e3ac9171de7d"><input type="radio"><span> glycerol (propan-1,2,3-triol) <img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/glycerol.png" style="width: 130px; height: 73px;"></span></label></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Glucose, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, glyceraldehyde, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ethanoic acid, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub> all have the empirical formula CH<sub>2</sub>O. Glycerol, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has the empirical formula C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.</p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which contains 3 x 10<sup>24</sup> hydrogen atoms?<br>
Avogadro's constant, <em>L</em> or <em>N</em><sub>A</sub> = 6.02 x 10<sup>23</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="2cf2599f706e68494fdaee235728598a"><input type="radio"><span> 23 g of ethanol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH(l)</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="dd57498465be08002cf0d34a0fb4af3b"><input type="radio"><span> 6 g of hydrogen gas, H<sub>2</sub>(g)</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="34d4e71aeea93e2b432b6b070de6a5fb"><input type="radio"><span> 125 g of hydrated copper(II) sulfate, CuSO<sub>4</sub>.5H<sub>2</sub>O(s)</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="c4231026a665f52d237bb551eca1add3"><input type="radio"><span> 5 dm<sup>3</sup> of 1.0 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> hydrochloric acid solution, HCl(aq)</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><em>M</em><sub>r </sub>CuSO<sub>4</sub>.5H<sub>2</sub>O = (64 + 32 + 64) + (5 x 18) = 250 so 125 g is 0.5 mol and contains 0.5 x 10 mol of H atoms = 3 x 10<sup>24</sup> H atoms.<br>
6 g of H<sub>2</sub> contains 6 mol of H atoms = 3.6 x 10<sup>24</sup> H atoms; 23 g of ethanol (<em>M</em><sub>r </sub>= 46) is 0.5 mol so contains 0.5 x 6 mol of H atoms = 1.8 x 10<sup>24 </sup>H atoms. There are many moles of water in 5 dm<sup>3</sup> of the HCl(aq) solution so the acid solution contains many more than 3 x 10<sup>24</sup> H atoms.</p>
</div>
<p> </p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the sum of the integer coefficients when ammonium dichromate, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> decomposes to produce chromium(III) oxide, nitrogen and water?</p>
<p>_ (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (s) → _ Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (s) + _ N<sub>2</sub> (g) + _ H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c"><input type="radio"><span> 4</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="1679091c5a880faf6fb5e6087eb1b2dc"><input type="radio"><span> 6</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="c51ce410c124a10e0db5e4b97fc2af39"><input type="radio"><span> 13</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="8f14e45fceea167a5a36dedd4bea2543"><input type="radio"><span> 7</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The balanced equation is (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (s) → Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (s) + N<sub>2</sub> (g) + 4H<sub>2</sub>O (g)</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What volume (in dm<sup>3</sup>) of hydrogen measured at 37 <sup>o</sup>C and at a pressure of 1.0 x 10<sup>5</sup> Pa will be produced when 6.5 g of zinc metal reacts completely with 2.0 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> sulfuric acid, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq)?<br>
Molar volume of a gas at STP = 22.7 dm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="5bd9b33a12fe6edd4cd816cbf175799d"><input type="radio"><span> 0.1 x 22.7</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7cf61e42bcad2ffcbb7ff3fea0c6ee59"><input type="radio"><span> 0.1 x 22.7 x (310 ÷ 273)</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="08f0d40ac1221c9e6ef0e501518c002a"><input type="radio"><span> 0.1 x 22.7 x (298 ÷ 310) </span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="c4e261f0fa58132eb80569945ad42e31"><input type="radio"><span> 0.1 x 22.7 x (310 ÷ 298)</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Amount of Zn = 6.5/65 = 0.1 mol. Zn(s) + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq) → ZnSO<sub>4</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>(g) so amount of hydrogen produced = 0.1 mol. 1.0 mol of gas produced at STP (273 K, 1 x 10<sup>5</sup> Pa ) occupies 22.7 dm<sup>3</sup>, so volume of H<sub>2</sub> produced at 310 K = 0.1 x 22.7 x 310/273 dm<sup>3</sup>.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>The diagram represents the transitions of excited electrons from higher energy levels to lower energy levels to produce the hydrogen emission spectrum.</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/hydrogen-energy-levels.png" style="width: 350px; height: 221px;"></p>
<p>Which emission corresponds to the third line in the visible spectrum?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29"><input type="radio"><span> A</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571"><input type="radio"><span> B</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257"><input type="radio"><span> C</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f623e75af30e62bbd73d6df5b50bb7b5"><input type="radio"><span> D</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The visible series is produced by electrons transitioning from higher levels to the <em>n</em> = 2 level. The first line in the visible series is due to <em>n </em>= 3 to <em>n</em> = 2, the second line <em>n</em> = 4 to <em>n</em> = 2 and the third line from <em>n</em> = 5 to <em>n</em> = 2.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>An isotope of an ion of element X has the following notation.</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/x3--ion(1).png" style="width: 50px; height: 36px;"></p>
<p>Which is the correct description of the isotope?</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/gallium-ion-nucleus.png" style="width: 350px; height: 111px;"></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29"><input type="radio"><span> A</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571"><input type="radio"><span> B</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257"><input type="radio"><span> C</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f623e75af30e62bbd73d6df5b50bb7b5"><input type="radio"><span> D</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The atomic number, <em>Z</em> is 31 so it contains 31 protons. The mass number, <em>A</em> is 71 so it contains 40 neutrons. It is the 3+ ion so it contains 31 minus 3 electrons.</p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which increases upon descending the halogens group (F → I) but decreases upon descending the alkali metals group (Li → Cs)?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f2458e6a4957d9e45b8764e0d6d724ed"><input type="radio"><span> electronegativity</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="653fa5e1b6dc2bab54d338d97016363d"><input type="radio"><span> melting point</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0898d2400a88c5f27f7ece8a21df9c4e"><input type="radio"><span> first ionization energy</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="828c88adeddf2eef700d66162ef494f4"><input type="radio"><span> atomic radius</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The atomic radius increases upon descending both groups. The first ionization energy and electronegativity both decrease upon descending both groups. Melting points decreases from Li to Cs but increase from F to I.</p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which shows the correct order for first ionization energy values?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="64b66d9b12d148ea1444e7f6f7136a83"><input type="radio"><span> S > Cl < Ar</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="94a3b4b4b9badc039024c5f5dfe1abd2"><input type="radio"><span> C < N > O</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="23dd855a5c87e676fd3c53e6846c5d35"><input type="radio"><span> B > C < N</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="c45c42212137fe6166e3c6d84ca89030"><input type="radio"><span> Na < Mg < Al</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>First ionization energies generally increase across a period but decrease between ns<sup>2</sup> and ns<sup>2</sup>np<sup>1</sup> and between ns<sup>2</sup>np<sup>3</sup> and ns<sup>2</sup>np<sup>4</sup></p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What is the formula of lead(II) sulfate?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d664c003a3cde79cd108d84f1973250e"><input type="radio"><span> Pb<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9813877f57717e776a5cdb35e3e356a8"><input type="radio"><span> Pb<sub>3</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d9110b558d838cd883b7a2f1282a5abe"><input type="radio"><span> PbSO<sub>4</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ee155c382d5026ecb2f2b7610a865008"><input type="radio"><span> Pb(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The lead(II) ion is Pb<sup>2+</sup> and the sulfate ion is SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>.</p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which bond is the most polar?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="a9d551d22ddb9cfca56728c44ea90b14"><input type="radio"><span> C−Cl in chloromethane, CH<sub>3</sub>Cl</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="6f878f38a0fec876f30ebb4d20aff0d7"><input type="radio"><span> H−N in methanamine, H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="be2e9122579b713ff26a2530140b8d18"><input type="radio"><span> H−O in ethanol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="8168eae143bfa6e50d3a899b11fcb51b"><input type="radio"><span> H−F in hydrogen fluoride</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The greater the difference in the electronegativity values of the two atoms making up a covalent bond the greater the polarity. Fluorine has the highest negativity value (4.0). Hydrogen and carbon have similar values (2.2 and 2.6 respectively) and chlorine (3.2) and oxygen (3.4) are both less than fluorine.</p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which compound has molecules in which the central atom has an incomplete octet of electrons in its outer shell?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="04e6e538ed6d0921670aa371c6fe132d"><input type="radio"><span> PCl<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ad51ea5f116507bb07f50eccfb6dc155"><input type="radio"><span> Al<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="8c1dffb33ba9f5ec1a0f46bcad6b1917"><input type="radio"><span> CHCl<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="125081a32c1476d3a4cdca995be6371f"><input type="radio"><span> BCl<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>There are only six electrons (three bonding pairs) around the boron atom in BCl<sub>3</sub>. AlCl<sub>3</sub> also has an incomplete octet but when it dimerises to form Al<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub> coordinate bonds are formed between Cl and Al to complete the octet. The carbon atom in CHCl<sub>3</sub> has four bonding pairs of electrons and the phosphorus atom in PCl<sub>3</sub> contains three bonding and one non-bonding pairs of electrons.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which contains a bond angle of 120<sup>o</sup>?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="1792d5515ff967e35c32eb644a47efda"><input type="radio"><span> ammonia</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e4535db666ec2518a6f26bdc8824f5ca"><input type="radio"><span> carbon dioxide</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ebde8080c092fc908416083a701feb30"><input type="radio"><span> graphene</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9460370bb0ca1c98a779b1bcc6861c2c"><input type="radio"><span> water</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Graphene consists of a layer of interlocking hexagonal rings with bond angles of 120<sup>o</sup>. Water and ammonia contain 4 electron domains around the central atom so have bond angles less than 109.5<sup>o</sup> due to repulsion between the non-bonding pair(s) of electrons and the bonding pairs. Carbon dioxide is linear as the two electron domains are made up of two double bonds each between the C and O atoms.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which describes the reaction shown in the potential energy profile?</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/enthalpy-diagram.png" style="width: 250px; height: 206px;"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/sign-of-delta-h.png" style="width: 340px; height: 113px;"></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29"><input type="radio"><span> A</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571"><input type="radio"><span> B</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257"><input type="radio"><span> C</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f623e75af30e62bbd73d6df5b50bb7b5"><input type="radio"><span> D</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>In an endothermic reaction the product has a greater enthalpy than the reactants and the sign of Δ<em>H</em> is positive.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>What will be the temperature rise, in <sup>o</sup>C, when 50.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1.00 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) at 25 <sup>o</sup>C is mixed with 50.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1.00 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH(aq) at 25 <sup>o</sup>C?</p>
<p>H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + OH<sup>−</sup>(aq) → H<sub>2</sub>O(l) Δ<em>H</em> = − 57.6 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
<p>Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 kJ kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup><br>
Assume the density of water is 1.00 kg dm<sup>−3</sup> and that no heat loss or gain from elsewhere occurs.</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="22570d804aa4ffa81ead30c611f023fd"><input type="radio"><span> 2.88 ÷ 4.18</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="1815000120a3e1e062f89f9613b5f1a7"><input type="radio"><span> 28.8 ÷ 4.18</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="29f5c993cd56450d161929dd6f5b60f5"><input type="radio"><span> 57.6 ÷ 4.18</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4dd31b58475c54e2bbff0f663f3c4f10"><input type="radio"><span> 5.76 ÷ 4.18</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>50.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of 1.00 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) contains 50.0/1000 = 0.05 mol so amount of heat evolved = 57.6 x 0.05 = 2.88 kJ. Total volume of solution = 100 cm<sup>3</sup>, so mass of solution = 0.100 kg.<br>
Δ<em>T</em> = 2.88 ÷ (4.18 x 0.1) = 28.8 ÷ 4.18 <sup>o</sup>C </p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Propene undergoes an addition reaction with hydrogen bromide to form 2-bromopropane.</p>
<p>CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub>(g) + HBr(g) → CH<sub>3</sub>CHBrCH<sub>3</sub>(l)</p>
<p>What is the value for enthalpy change Δ<em>H</em>, in kJ, for this reaction using the data below?</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/average-bond-enthalpies.png" style="width: 350px; height: 108px;"></p>
<p>Enthalpy of vaporization of 2-bromopropane = + 30 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="448b1635d8dd69cc7b03669b8debe322"><input type="radio"><span> − [(285 + 346+ 414) – (614 + 366) + 30]</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="303324b0fb27e1f3b6733e1acde6672b"><input type="radio"><span> (285 + 346+ 414) – (614 + 366) + 30</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4403222ec7849592e58048fe428a8c48"><input type="radio"><span> (285 + 346+ 414 ) – (614 + 366) – 30</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b379669f69941a9ca500a0e904be0e1c"><input type="radio"><span> − [(285 + 346 + 414) – (614 + 366) − 30]</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Average bond enthalpies only refer to the gaseous state. To form gaseous prop-2-ene the bonds broken are C=C and H−Br so the energy in = 614 + 366 kJ. The bonds formed are C−Br, C−C and C−H so the energy out = − (285 + 346 + 414) kJ. The change in enthalpy = − [(285 + 346 + 414) − (614 + 366)] kJ. However the product is in the liquid state so a further 30 kJ of energy will be given out as the gas condenses to a liquid so Δ<em>H</em> = − [(285 + 346 + 414) − (614 + 366) + 30] kJ.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which affects the activation energy of a reaction?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="a44c43629527dcbb4eb7dd43916af163"><input type="radio"><span> Increasing the particle size of a solid reactant</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="41e7354d4148755e1111b1d14f36bf12"><input type="radio"><span> Decreasing the concentration of one of the reactants</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="10f6f416e20a58eb2598380b9f358baa"><input type="radio"><span> Adding a suitable catalyst</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="8e14c1ba7270a886a464da396f32d510"><input type="radio"><span>Altering the pressure of a gaseous reactant</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Although increasing the concentration of the reactants, increasing the pressure of gaseous reactants, increasing the temperature and decreasing the particle size (i.e. increasing the surface area) of solid reactants all increase the rate of the reaction they do this by either increasing the number of collisions or by increasing the energy of the particles so that more possess the minimum energy required to react. The addition of a suitable catalyst changes the reaction pathway to one with a lower activation energy.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which method could <strong>not </strong>be used to measure the rate of the exothermic reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate?</p>
<p>2HCl(aq) + CaCO<sub>3</sub>(s) → CaCl<sub>2</sub>(aq) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="5a5297334784dbb916e0578fb3c435a9"><input type="radio"><span> Monitoring the change in colour over time.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7c8c4b6e68b4cc00dac6d1ba17a7cbc5"><input type="radio"><span> Monitoring the change in volume of gas evolved over time.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="779251bbd7d491c1e7a774a2476239f4"><input type="radio"><span> Monitoring the change in temperature of the solution over time.</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4c75cd389be335ed4316cec6371d6b0f"><input type="radio"><span> Monitoring the change in mass in the reaction vessel over time.</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The temperature of the solution, volume of gas evolved and mass of remaining reactants as the carbon dioxide evolves all change over time. There is no change in colour over time as the white calcium carbonate solid dissolves in colourless hydrochloric acid to give a colourless solution.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which statement shows what will happen when one of the conditions is altered and the rest remain the same for the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen?</p>
<p>N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) ⇄ 2NH<sub>3</sub>(g) Δ<em>H</em> = − 92.4 kJ</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/equilibrium-changes(2).png" style="width: 500px; height: 199px;"></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29"><input type="radio"><span> A</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571"><input type="radio"><span> B</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257"><input type="radio"><span> C</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f623e75af30e62bbd73d6df5b50bb7b5"><input type="radio"><span> D</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p><em>K</em><sub>c</sub> is a constant at a specified temperature so altering the pressure has no effect on the value of <em>K</em><sub>c</sub>. The reaction is exothermic as Δ<em>H </em>has a negative value so lowering the temperature will shift the position of equilibrium towards the products and increase the value of the equilibrium constant.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which is the conjugate base of the hydroxide ion?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="357ac9de262ea126d648229817bd89bd"><input type="radio"><span> H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7bcfbacd98cfa6ce29d0ad8201b14f09"><input type="radio"><span> H<sup>+</sup></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f46de30a1dfccaa06e04ff49121bff09"><input type="radio"><span> O<sup>2−</sup></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b89e91ccf14bfd7f485dd7be7d789b0a"><input type="radio"><span> H<sub>2</sub>O</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>The conjugate base is formed when a proton is donated, OH<sup>−</sup>(aq) → H<sup>+</sup>(aq) + O<sup>2−</sup>(aq)</p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which will react with hydrochloric acid?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="5ecdcaa64013b5df3544cc2ecb929800"><input type="radio"><span> NaNO<sub>3</sub>(aq)</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0b41d17deb72196ee5affe1424488e9e"><input type="radio"><span> Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ebbf535ccf847ceb4f1daac0723c45da"><input type="radio"><span> NaHCO<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4394ceff7d5e95585d743ff34504dbd5"><input type="radio"><span> NaHSO<sub>4</sub>(aq)</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Hydrogencarbonates are basic and are neutralised by acids forming a salt, carbon dioxide and water, HCl(aq) + NaHCO<sub>3</sub> → NaCl(aq) + CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l).</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which describes the relative properties when 0.50 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid are compared? </p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/acid-comparisons(3).png" style="width: 500px; height: 120px;"></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29"><input type="radio"><span> A</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571"><input type="radio"><span> B</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257"><input type="radio"><span> C</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f623e75af30e62bbd73d6df5b50bb7b5"><input type="radio"><span> D</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Strong acids are completely dissociated into ions so have a higher electrical conductivity than weak acids which are only partially dissociated. [H+(aq)] will be higher for strong acids so the pH will be lower.</p>
</div>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>In which compound is the oxidation state of iodine +5?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="1fcbd428d2000e9709af6339f8497e7d"><input type="radio"><span> Orthoperiodic acid, H<sub>5</sub>IO<sub>6</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9a7bc25ee4f5049234e7656fecf6a614"><input type="radio"><span> Iodic acid, HIO<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d230f35de3c80f948978019ceb6d4085"><input type="radio"><span> Hypoiodous acid, HOI</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="b3dc61c7a66fe83ed56f852e7a0089c5"><input type="radio"><span> Iodine dioxide, IO<sub>2</sub></span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>H has an oxidation state of +1 (except for hydride, H<sup>−</sup>, ions where it is −1 ) and O has an oxidation state of −2 (except for peroxides −O−O− where it is −1) so iodine must have an oxidation state of +5 in iodic acid to give the sum of the oxidation states equal to zero. In hypoiodous acid the oxidation state of iodine is +1, in iodine dioxide it is +4 and in orthoperiodic acid it is +7.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>In which reaction is hydrogen peroxide acting both as an oxidising agent and as a reducing agent?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="eccd6f0013a14beeb3c4b96adad42a5d"><input type="radio"><span> FeSO<sub>4</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (aq) → Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f1988c2fb33ba6e44eae71c2c29e1f83"><input type="radio"><span> NaOCl(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(aq) → O<sub>2</sub>(g) + NaCl(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="eaa8cf777ec57f527c9f9dfde33bc1bf"><input type="radio"><span> 2KMnO<sub>4</sub>(aq) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(aq) → 2MnO<sub>2</sub>(s) + 2KOH(aq) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + 3O<sub>2</sub>(g)</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="db429d722068b951bc13defaaaa72c05"><input type="radio"><span> 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(aq) → 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>When hydrogen peroxide decomposes it simultaneously oxidises and reduces itself so that the oxidation state of oxygen in hydrogen peroxide (+1) increases to zero in oxygen and decreases to minus two in water (this is an example of disproportionation). When it acts as a reducing agent, as with KMnO<sub>4</sub> and NaOCl, oxygen is formed and when it acts as an oxidising agent, as with FeSO<sub>4</sub>, it is reduced to water.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which electrochemical cell is described correctly?</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/electrochemical-cells(1).png" style="width: 550px; height: 109px;"></p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="7fc56270e7a70fa81a5935b72eacbe29"><input type="radio"><span> A</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571"><input type="radio"><span> B</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257"><input type="radio"><span> C</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="f623e75af30e62bbd73d6df5b50bb7b5"><input type="radio"><span> D</span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>Oxidation in both cells always occurs at the anode but in an electrolytic cell it is the positive electrode whereas in a voltaic cell it is the negative electrode. Voltaic cells generate electricity from a spontaneous chemical process whereas in electrolytic cells electricity is used to bring about a non-spontaneous chemical process.</p>
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<p> </p>
<div class="exercise">
<div class="q-question">
<p>Which compound contains a tertiary carbon atom?</p>
</div>
<div class="q-answer">
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="d810cda4e76f0aa4cdb2d2198fe93c05"><input type="radio"><span> CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CBr(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="42be35a3525e5b8ef8c19047a55ed70f"><input type="radio"><span> CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e82712b6aff4a0ab1d6f08d48def8b87"><input type="radio"><span> CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9677a8d56d254c370d5f4ea4f5a92c40"><input type="radio"><span> CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHClCH<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
</div>
<div class="q-explanation">
<p>A tertiary carbon atoms is bonded to a functional group such as a halogen or -OH and to three R groups (the R groups may be the same as each other or different). A tertiary carbon atom is not bonded to a hydrogen atom.</p>
</div>
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<p>Testosterone is a male sex hormone.</p>
<p><img alt="" class="noborder" src="../../../ib/chemistry/images/quiz/mc-test/testosterone.png" style="width: 250px; height: 172px;"></p>
<p>Which functional groups are all present in a molecule of testosterone?</p>
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<p><label class="radio" data-answer="db976b0f2761497e644e1acc9579de0b"><input type="radio"><span> phenyl, ketone and hydroxyl</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="9d7922243e2258cef679f12c58c4b1dc"><input type="radio"><span> phenyl, alkenyl and aldehyde</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="2388f06274a9a412631191cb1d8ceb5d"><input type="radio"><span> alkenyl, carbonyl and hydroxyl</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="368e5615c5ffeda85aca379c4a6b3425"><input type="radio"><span> ether, alkenyl and hydroxyl</span></label></p>
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<div class="q-explanation">
<p>>C=O, >C=C< and −OH (carbonyl, alkenyl and hydroxyl) are all present. −CHO, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>− and R−O−R' (aldehyde, phenyl and ether) are all absent.</p>
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<p>Which organic product is formed when propanoic acid, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH is warmed with propan-2-ol, CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3 </sub>in the presence of a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid?</p>
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<p><label class="radio" data-answer="37e7bbf990dde6495f289d7486a5f10d"><input type="radio"><span> CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCOCH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4f3a020bd4a951aa0a081c36bec7beb1"><input type="radio"><span> (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCOOCH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ecda348ecff8a1c50bb89e4beb637a76"><input type="radio"><span> CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOCH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="ff5862e66637ac73b9a35819e2985c48"><input type="radio"><span> CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>COOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub></span></label></p>
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<p>In the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst, carboxylic acids condense with alcohols to form an ester and water.<br>
CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH + CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>3 </sub>→ CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOCH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O</p>
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<p>23.20 cm<sup>3</sup> of 0.10 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> potassium hydroxide solution was required to neutralize 20.00 cm<sup>3</sup> of a solution of hydrochloric acid.<br>
What was the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution?</p>
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<p><label class="radio" data-answer="0e3854433b42993d2a08bea09df1a9ae"><input type="radio"><span> 0.1 mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e01ce6a06d57fb31dfb8821cadda8c42"><input type="radio"><span> 0.116 mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="852468c47140fea8dd8e26eb2430db17"><input type="radio"><span> 0.12 mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="624ab7dc390aae31ceb851de47a30c11"><input type="radio"><span> 0.1160 mol dm<sup>−3</sup></span></label></p>
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<p>The number of significant figures in a result is based on the figures given in the data. Since the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is only given to two significant figures the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution should only be quoted to two significant figures.</p>
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<p>Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in DNA. It has the molecular formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. What is the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) of thymine?</p>
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<p><label class="radio" data-answer="eccbc87e4b5ce2fe28308fd9f2a7baf3"><input type="radio"><span> 3</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c"><input type="radio"><span> 2</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="a87ff679a2f3e71d9181a67b7542122c"><input type="radio"><span> 4</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="e4da3b7fbbce2345d7772b0674a318d5"><input type="radio"><span> 5</span></label></p>
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<p>When determining IHD, O atoms count as zero. For each N atom add one to the number of C atoms and add one to the number of H atoms. This gives the equivalent of C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>8</sub> which needs 8 more hydrogen atoms (4 units of H<sub>2</sub>) to become saturated as C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>, hence the IHD is 4. </p>
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<p>What is responsible for the absorptions that occur in the infrared spectrum of a compound?</p>
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<p><label class="radio" data-answer="4fe68a3e3e76d693596e49bffc80bf7c"><input type="radio"><span> molecular rotations</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="3623e46626fceb6293533c0f325efbd3"><input type="radio"><span> bond vibrations</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="892aa3add80b7b57e77e92af7c9360de"><input type="radio"><span> nuclear spin</span></label></p>
<p><label class="radio" data-answer="00512e78cf8113312329a02bd2cccfcd"><input type="radio"><span> electron emissions from an excited state to a lower state</span></label></p>
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<p>Bond vibrations (stretching and bending) occur in the infrared region. Since different bonds vibrate at different frequencies infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify different functional groups.</p>
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