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">Can I read an example?   </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43256/2021-paper-1-sample-response-1-tandoori-food-.html" title="2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Tandoori Food) ">2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Tandoori Food) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43257/2021-paper-1-sample-response-2-tandoori-food-.html" title="2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Tandoori Food) ">2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Tandoori Food) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43258/2021-paper-1-sample-response-3-tandoori-food-.html" title="2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (Tandoori Food) ">2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (Tandoori Food) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43259/2021-paper-1-sample-response-4-tandoori-food.html" title="2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 4 (Tandoori Food)">2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 4 (Tandoori Food)</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43437/do-you-have-a-step-by-step-process-for-what-to-do-in-the-actual-.html" title="Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam?">Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43438/how-do-i-prepare-for-my-paper-1-exam.html" title="How do I prepare for my Paper 1 exam?">How do I prepare for my Paper 1 exam?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43439/how-do-i-organize-my-paper-1.html" title="How do I organize my Paper 1?">How do I organize my Paper 1?</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44395/paper-2-.html" title="Paper 2 ">Paper 2 </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44396/what-is-it-.html" title="What is it?   ">What is it?   </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44397/what-types-of-questions-will-be-asked.html" title="What types of questions will be asked?">What types of questions will be asked?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44398/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44399/can-i-read-an-example-.html" title="Can I read an example?    ">Can I read an example?    </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44400/paper-2-sample-response-1-never-let-me-go-and-extremely-loud-and.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 1 (Never Let Me Go and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close)">Paper 2: Sample Response 1 (Never Let Me Go and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44401/paper-2-sample-response-2-the-reader-and-the-god-of-small-things.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 2 (The Reader and The God of Small Things) ">Paper 2: Sample Response 2 (The Reader and The God of Small Things) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44402/paper-2-sample-response-3-a-dolls-house-and-the-crucible-.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 3 (A Doll’s House and The Crucible) ">Paper 2: Sample Response 3 (A Doll’s House and The Crucible) </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44403/do-you-have-a-step-by-step-process-for-what-to-do-in-the-actual-.html" title="Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam? ">Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44404/how-do-i-prepare-for-my-paper-2-exam-.html" title="How do I prepare for my Paper 2 exam? ">How do I prepare for my Paper 2 exam? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44405/how-do-i-organize-my-paper-2-.html" title="How do I organize my Paper 2? ">How do I organize my Paper 2? </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39457/individual-oral-.html" title="Individual oral ">Individual oral </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39458/what-is-it.html" title="What is it?">What is it?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40091/what-are-global-issues.html" title="What are global issues?">What are global issues?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39459/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39462/can-i-listen-to-an-example-.html" title="Can I listen to an example?  ">Can I listen to an example?  </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44388/student-model-example-1-masters-of-war-and-requiem-for-the-ameri.html" title="Student Model Example 1 (Masters of War and Requiem for the American Dream)">Student Model Example 1 (Masters of War and Requiem for the American Dream)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39460/teacher-model-example-1-macbeth-and-ww1-propaganda-poster.html" title="Teacher Model Example 1 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)">Teacher Model Example 1 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39560/how-do-i-prepare-for-my-individual-oral.html" title="How do I prepare for my Individual Oral?">How do I prepare for my Individual Oral?</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39561/step-1-choose-your-topic.html" title="Step 1: Choose your topic">Step 1: Choose your topic</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39562/step-2-pick-your-extracts-and-annotate-them-and-the-workbody-of-.html" title="Step 2: Pick your extracts and annotate them (and the work/body of work)">Step 2: Pick your extracts and annotate them (and the work/body of work)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39564/step-3-create-an-unofficial-outline.html" title="Step 3: Create an unofficial outline">Step 3: Create an unofficial outline</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39565/step-4-create-your-official-ib-outline-and-rehearse.html" title="Step 4: Create your official IB outline and rehearse">Step 4: Create your official IB outline and rehearse</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39566/step-5-practice-practice-practice.html" title="Step 5: Practice, practice, practice">Step 5: Practice, practice, practice</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39567/step-6-deliver-your-individual-oral.html" title="Step 6: Deliver your Individual Oral">Step 6: Deliver your Individual Oral</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40148/higher-level-essay-.html" title="Higher level essay ">Higher level essay </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40157/what-is-it-.html" title="What is it? ">What is it? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40158/what-is-a-line-of-inquiry.html" title="What is a line of inquiry?">What is a line of inquiry?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40160/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40162/can-i-read-an-example-.html" title="Can I read an example?   ">Can I read an example?   </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40152/model-example-1-szymborska-poetry-.html" title="Model example 1 (Szymborska Poetry) ">Model example 1 (Szymborska Poetry) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40154/model-example-2-george-monbiot.html" title="Model example 2 (George Monbiot)">Model example 2 (George Monbiot)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40153/model-example-3-white-noise-.html" title="Model example 3 (White Noise) ">Model example 3 (White Noise) </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40240/can-you-help-me-with-the-entire-process.html" title="Can you help me with the entire process?">Can you help me with the entire process?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40242/do-you-have-a-checklist-to-help-me-out.html" title="Do you have a checklist to help me out?">Do you have a checklist to help me out?</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46964/learner-portfolio-.html" title="Learner Portfolio ">Learner Portfolio </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46965/more-about-the-learner-portfolio.html" title="More about the Learner Portfolio">More about the Learner Portfolio</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28558/the-course-.html" title="The course ">The course </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29037/creating-student-accounts.html" title="Creating student accounts">Creating student accounts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28561/requirements.html" title="Requirements">Requirements</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29267/learner-portfolio.html" title="Learner Portfolio">Learner Portfolio</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29269/explaining-the-learner-portfolio-to-students.html" title="Explaining the Learner Portfolio to Students">Explaining the Learner Portfolio to Students</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29268/formatting-the-learner-portfolio.html" title="Formatting the Learner Portfolio">Formatting the Learner Portfolio</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28560/principles-of-course-design.html" title="Principles of course design">Principles of course design</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29983/bodies-of-work.html" title="Bodies of work">Bodies of work</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37316/bodies-of-work-a-curated-list.html" title="Bodies of Work - A Curated List">Bodies of Work - A Curated List</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28566/areas-of-exploration-.html" title="Areas of exploration ">Areas of exploration </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28568/readers-writers-and-texts.html" title="Readers, writers and texts">Readers, writers and texts</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28578/requirements.html" title="Requirements">Requirements</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28569/time-and-space.html" title="Time and space">Time and space</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28583/requirements.html" title="Requirements">Requirements</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34803/black-lives-matter.html" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34802/part-1-the-language-of-a-movement.html" title="Part 1 - The Language of a Movement">Part 1 - The Language of a Movement</a></li></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28570/intertextuality-connecting-texts.html" title="Intertextuality: connecting texts">Intertextuality: connecting texts</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28587/requirements.html" title="Requirements">Requirements</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28589/teaching-resources.html" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28567/concepts-.html" title="Concepts ">Concepts </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28571/identity.html" title="Identity">Identity</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29029/teaching-resources.html" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28572/culture.html" title="Culture">Culture</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28573/creativity.html" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28574/communication.html" title="Communication">Communication</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31252/metoo-gender-and-power-.html" title="#MeToo - Gender and Power ">#MeToo - Gender and Power </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31255/fake-news-.html" title="Fake News ">Fake News </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28575/perspective.html" title="Perspective">Perspective</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31253/metoo-gender-and-power-.html" title="#MeToo - Gender and Power ">#MeToo - Gender and Power </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31734/exploring-the-natural-world-an-opinion-columnists-body-of-work-.html" title="Exploring the Natural World – An Opinion Columnist’s Body of Work ">Exploring the Natural World – An Opinion Columnist’s Body of Work </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28576/transformation.html" title="Transformation">Transformation</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32851/the-language-of-infectious-disease-covid-19.html" title="The Language of Infectious Disease - COVID-19">The Language of Infectious Disease - COVID-19</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28577/representation.html" title="Representation">Representation</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28564/assessment-.html" title="Assessment ">Assessment </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28591/paper-1.html" title="Paper 1">Paper 1</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30239/tips-.html" title="Tips  ">Tips  </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30222/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30240/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30243/8-writing-tips-.html" title="8 writing tips ">8 writing tips </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="P1 sample work">P1 sample work</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523953.html" title="May 2022 Paper 1s">May 2022 Paper 1s</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523976.html" title="November 2021 Paper 1s">November 2021 Paper 1s</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Pre-2021 Paper 1s">Pre-2021 Paper 1s</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37572/paper-1-sample-response-8-mens-health-iii.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 8 (Men&#039;s Health iii)">Paper 1: Sample Response 8 (Men&#039;s Health iii)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37338/paper-1-sample-response-9-justin-gatlin.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 9 (Justin Gatlin)">Paper 1: Sample Response 9 (Justin Gatlin)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37341/paper-1-sample-response-10-justin-gatlin-.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 10 (Justin Gatlin) ">Paper 1: Sample Response 10 (Justin Gatlin) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37340/paper-1-sample-response-11-justin-gatlin-.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 11 (Justin Gatlin) ">Paper 1: Sample Response 11 (Justin Gatlin) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37339/paper-1-sample-response-12-justin-gatlin-.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 12 (Justin Gatlin) ">Paper 1: Sample Response 12 (Justin Gatlin) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523982.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 13 (Watches)">Paper 1: Sample Response 13 (Watches)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523983.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 14 (Aspen Trees)">Paper 1: Sample Response 14 (Aspen Trees)</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30237/paper-1-practice-texts-to-go-.html" title="Paper 1: Practice Texts to Go ">Paper 1: Practice Texts to Go </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28592/paper-2.html" title="Paper 2">Paper 2</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30255/tips-.html" title="Tips ">Tips </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30270/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30256/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31697/revising-literary-works-for-paper-2.html" title="Revising Literary Works for Paper 2">Revising Literary Works for Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30792/connecting-comparing-and-contrasting-in-paper-2.html" title="Connecting, Comparing and Contrasting in Paper 2">Connecting, Comparing and Contrasting in Paper 2</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46727/resources-for-students.html" title="Resources for Students">Resources for Students</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46723/preparing-for-paper-2.html" title="Preparing for Paper 2">Preparing for Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46724/organizing-and-structuring-paper-2.html" title="Organizing and Structuring Paper 2">Organizing and Structuring Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46722/step-by-step-paper-2-process.html" title="Step-by-Step Paper 2 Process">Step-by-Step Paper 2 Process</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28602/p2-sample-work.html" title="P2 sample work">P2 sample work</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28593/higher-level-essay.html" title="Higher level essay">Higher level essay</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30557/tips.html" title="Tips">Tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30273/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30272/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28606/hle-sample-work.html" title="HLE sample work">HLE sample work</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28594/individual-oral.html" title="Individual oral">Individual oral</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36433/resources.html" title="Resources">Resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34550/introducing-the-individual-oral-to-students-a-powerpoint.html" title="Introducing the Individual Oral to Students (a PowerPoint)">Introducing the Individual Oral to Students (a PowerPoint)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36435/stages-of-support.html" title="Stages of Support">Stages of Support</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32623/possible-outlines.html" title="Possible Outlines">Possible Outlines</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36434/how-to-prepare-for-your-individual-oral.html" title="How to Prepare for Your Individual Oral">How to Prepare for Your Individual Oral</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30559/global-issues.html" title="Global issues">Global issues</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30558/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30271/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28610/io-sample-work.html" title="IO sample work">IO sample work</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="2021 Individual Orals">2021 Individual Orals</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40184/2021-individual-oral-exemplar-1-brave-new-world-and-sara-rahbar.html" title="2021 Individual Oral: Exemplar 1 (Brave New World and Sara Rahbar)">2021 Individual Oral: Exemplar 1 (Brave New World and Sara Rahbar)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Pre-2021 Individual Orals">Pre-2021 Individual Orals</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36777/individual-oral-exemplar-4-macbeth-and-ww1-propaganda-poster.html" title="Individual Oral: Exemplar 4 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)">Individual Oral: Exemplar 4 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)</a></li></ul></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28556/resources-.html" title="Resources ">Resources </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30276/glossary-of-key-terms-for-language-and-literature.html" title="Glossary of Key Terms for Language and Literature">Glossary of Key Terms for Language and Literature</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30277/-accent.html" title="- Accent">- Accent</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30278/-actual-reader.html" title="- Actual reader">- Actual reader</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30279/-actual-writer-.html" title="- Actual writer ">- Actual writer </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30353/-adjective-.html" title="- Adjective ">- Adjective </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30448/-adverb.html" title="- Adverb">- Adverb</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30449/-alliteration.html" title="- Alliteration">- Alliteration</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30451/-allusion.html" title="- Allusion">- Allusion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30452/-analogy.html" title="- Analogy">- Analogy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30454/-anti-advertising-.html" title="- Anti-advertising ">- Anti-advertising </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30455/-antithesis-.html" title="- Antithesis ">- Antithesis </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30457/-appeal-to-authority-.html" title="- Appeal to authority ">- Appeal to authority </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30459/-appeal-to-fear.html" title="- Appeal to fear">- Appeal to fear</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30460/-audience.html" title="- Audience">- Audience</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30462/-bandwagon-effect.html" title="- Bandwagon effect">- Bandwagon effect</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30463/-bias-.html" title="- Bias ">- Bias </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30464/-cacophony-.html" title="- Cacophony ">- Cacophony </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30466/-caesura-.html" title="- Caesura ">- Caesura </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30467/-characterisation-.html" title="- Characterisation ">- Characterisation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30469/-clause-.html" title="- Clause ">- Clause </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30470/-cliche-cliche-.html" title="- Cliché (cliche) ">- Cliché (cliche) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30471/-coherence.html" title="- Coherence">- Coherence</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30472/-colloquialism.html" title="- Colloquialism">- Colloquialism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30473/-complex-sentence-.html" title="- Complex sentence ">- Complex sentence </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30475/-conflict-in-advertising-.html" title="- Conflict in advertising ">- Conflict in advertising </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30483/-conjunctions-.html" title="- Conjunctions ">- Conjunctions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30484/-connotation-.html" title="- Connotation ">- Connotation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30476/-context-of-production-.html" title="- Context of production ">- Context of production </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30477/-context-of-reception-.html" title="- Context of reception ">- Context of reception </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30478/-core-vocabulary-.html" title="- Core vocabulary ">- Core vocabulary </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30479/-couplet-.html" title="- Couplet ">- Couplet </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30485/-crowdsourcing-.html" title="- Crowdsourcing ">- Crowdsourcing </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30481/-deictic-.html" title="- Deictic ">- Deictic </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30486/-denotation-.html" title="- Denotation ">- Denotation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30487/-denouement-.html" title="- Denouement ">- Denouement </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30488/-dialect-.html" title="- Dialect ">- Dialect </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30489/-diatribe-.html" title="- Diatribe ">- Diatribe </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30490/-direct-narration-.html" title="- Direct narration ">- Direct narration </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30492/-direct-speech-.html" title="- Direct speech ">- Direct speech </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30493/-dramatic-irony.html" title="- Dramatic Irony">- Dramatic Irony</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30515/-ellipsis.html" title="- Ellipsis">- Ellipsis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30516/-end-stopped-line-.html" title="- End-stopped line ">- End-stopped line </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30517/-enjambement-.html" title="- Enjambement ">- Enjambement </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30518/-eponymous-.html" title="- Eponymous ">- Eponymous </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30519/-equivocation-.html" title="- Equivocation ">- Equivocation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30520/-ethos-.html" title="- Ethos ">- Ethos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30521/-euphemism.html" title="- Euphemism">- Euphemism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30522/-first-person-point-of-view-.html" title="- First-person point-of-view ">- First-person point-of-view </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30523/-formalism.html" title="- Formalism">- Formalism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30524/-free-indirect-speech-.html" title="- Free indirect speech ">- Free indirect speech </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30527/-free-verse-.html" title="- Free verse ">- Free verse </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30525/-function-.html" title="- Function ">- Function </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30528/-gatekeeper-.html" title="- Gatekeeper ">- Gatekeeper </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30530/-generalizations-.html" title="- Generalizations ">- Generalizations </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30531/-genre-.html" title="- Genre ">- Genre </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30532/-graphology-.html" title="- Graphology ">- Graphology </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30533/-haiku-.html" title="- Haiku ">- Haiku </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30534/-hyperbole-.html" title="- Hyperbole ">- Hyperbole </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30535/-idiolect-.html" title="- Idiolect ">- Idiolect </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30536/-imagery-.html" title="- Imagery ">- Imagery </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30537/-indirect-narration-.html" title="- Indirect narration ">- Indirect narration </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30538/-intertextuality-.html" title="- Intertextuality ">- Intertextuality </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30539/-irony-.html" title="- Irony ">- Irony </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30540/-jargon-.html" title="- Jargon ">- Jargon </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30541/-juxtaposition-.html" title="- Juxtaposition ">- Juxtaposition </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30542/-language-.html" title="- Language ">- Language </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30543/-logos-.html" title="- Logos ">- Logos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30544/-long-tail-marketing-.html" title="- Long tail marketing ">- Long tail marketing </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30545/-mash-up-.html" title="- Mash up ">- Mash up </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30546/-metaphor-.html" title="- Metaphor ">- Metaphor </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30548/-metonymy-.html" title="- Metonymy ">- Metonymy </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30549/-modality-.html" title="- Modality ">- Modality </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30550/-multivocal-.html" title="- Multivocal ">- Multivocal </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30551/-newsworthiness-.html" title="- Newsworthiness ">- Newsworthiness </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30552/-nominalisation-.html" title="- Nominalisation ">- Nominalisation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30553/-notifications-.html" title="- Notifications ">- Notifications </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30554/-noun-phrase-.html" title="- Noun Phrase ">- Noun Phrase </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30555/-onomatopoeia.html" title="- Onomatopoeia">- Onomatopoeia</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30560/-paralanguage-.html" title="- Paralanguage ">- Paralanguage </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30561/-pathos-.html" title="- Pathos ">- Pathos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30562/-pay-per-click-.html" title="- Pay-per-click ">- Pay-per-click </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30563/-personalization-.html" title="- Personalization ">- Personalization </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30564/-personification-.html" title="- Personification ">- Personification </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" 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					<div id="main-column" class="span9">    <article id="p1-sl-the-language-of-african-literature" style="margin-top: 16px;">
        <h1 class="section-title">P1 SL (The Language of African Literature)</h1>
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<p>
	<img alt="" class="right" height="133" src="../../../ib/englishalanglit/images/Ngugi.jpg" width="200">The following Paper 1 sample was written in response to an extract from &lsquo;<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Ngugi%20Paper%201%20text.pdf">The Language of African Literature</a>&rsquo; by Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong&rsquo;o. It is a well-known essay; a search of Google reveals in excess of 54,000 &lsquo;hits&rsquo;. Given the renown the essay enjoys, it is perhaps not particularly likely that the text would be used in an examination. Nevertheless, the essay remains fresh and powerful for every new generation of students who have the good fortune to read Ngũgĩ&rsquo;s prose. It is about the symbiosis of language, culture, and personal identity. And, it is about the beauty of language, and about the cruelty of colonialism. There remains much to enjoy and to consider in this essay; the issues that it discusses have not gone away. More prosaically, teachers can easily include the extract into Part 1 of the Language and Literature course, with an emphasis on textual analysis.</p>
<p>
	Should teachers wish to use the sample response, it can be useful to ask students not only to identify the merits and limitations of the response, but to ask them to provide advice to this particular student; where and how should the student aim to improve? To do this well, students will require access to the <a href="http://www.englishalanglit-inthinking.co.uk/paper-1/criteria.htm">grading criteria</a>.</p>
<p>
	The &#39;teacher&#39;s comments&#39; which follow are those of an experienced IB examiner and moderator.</p>
<h2>
	Paper 1</h2>

<div class="greyBg">
	<p>
		&#39;The Language of African Literature&#39; (extract, 1986) by&nbsp;Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong&rsquo;o</p>
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png"><strong>Text 1</strong></p>
	
	<p>
		I was born into a large peasant family: father, four wives and about twenty-eight children. I also belonged, as we all did in those days, to a wider extended family and to the community as a whole.</p>
	<p>
		We spoke Gĩkũyũ as we worked in the fields. We spoke Gĩkũyũ in and outside the home. I can vividly recall those evenings of story-telling around the fireside [&hellip;]</p>
	<p>
		There were good and bad story-tellers. A good one could tell the same story over and over again, and it would always be fresh to us, the listeners. He or she could tell a story told by someone else and make it more alive and dramatic. The differences really were in the use of words and images and in the inflexion of voices to effect different tones.</p>
	<p>
		We therefore learnt to value words for their meaning and nuances. Language was not a mere string of words. It had a suggestive power well beyond the immediate and lexical meaning. Our appreciation of the suggestive magical power of language was reinforced by the games we played with words through riddles, proverbs, transpositions of syllables, or through nonsensical but musically arranged words. So we learnt the music of our language on top of the content. The language, through images and symbols, gave us a view of the world, but it had a beauty of its own. The home and the field were then our pre-primary school but what is important, for the discussion, is that the language of our evening teach-ins, and the language of our work in the fields were one.</p>
	<p>
		And then I went to school, a colonial school, and this harmony was broken. The language of my education was no longer the language of my culture. I first went to Kamaandura, missionary run, and then another called Maanguuũ run by nationalists grouped around the Gĩkũyũ Independent and Karinga Schools Association. Our language of education was still Gĩkũyũ. The very first time I was ever given an ovation for my writing was over a composition in Gĩkũyũ. So for my first four years there was still harmony between the language of my formal education and the language of [my] peasant community.</p>
	<p>
		It was after the declaration of emergency over Kenya in 1952 that all the schools run by patriotic nationalists were taken over by the colonial regime and were placed under District Education Boards chaired by Englishmen. English became the language of my formal education. In Kenya, English became more than a language: it was <em>the </em>language, and all others had to bow before it in deference.</p>
	
	<p align="right">
		Ngũgĩ wa Thiong&#39;o, &lsquo;The language of African literature&rsquo;, (1986).</p>
	<p align="right">
		&nbsp;</p>
	<ul>
		<li>
			<em>Discuss the variety of views expressed by the narrator on language.</em></li>
		<li>
			<em>How does the structure of this extract contribute to the views the narrator expresses?</em></li>
	</ul>
	
	<p>
		Ngũgĩ wa Thiong&#39;o &ndash; is the writer of this text extract. Refer to <em>him</em> as &lsquo;Ngugi&rsquo; if choosing this extract.</p>
	
	<p>
		Gĩkũyũ &ndash; is a language of the Bantu family spoken primarily by the Kikuyu people of Kenya.</p>
	
	<p>
		Kenya &ndash; is a country in East Africa. Formally part of the British Empire, Kenya gained independence in 1963.</p>
	
	<p>
		deference &ndash; humble submission and respect.</p>
	
	
	
	
	
	
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
</div>
<h2>
	Sample Response&nbsp;</h2>

<div class="blueBg">
	<p>
		<a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Ngugi%20student%20response.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exam.png">&nbsp;Ngũgĩ wa Thiong&#39;o, &lsquo;The language of African literature&rsquo;, (1986). Sample student response.</a></p>
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">Paper 1 Standard Level (SL) Student Response to &lsquo;The Language of African Literature&rsquo;</p>
	<p>
		This passage is about the beauty of language and the loss of a language written by a first person narrator. The passage was taken from &lsquo;The language of African literature (1986); this implies that the implied producer would be the author or first person writer. However, the actual producer could be the variety of editors and publishers that have evaluated the text. The circumstance of this text is to depict how the language of African literature was demolished as a country&rsquo;s colonized Kenya. The writer would be from Kenya, hence we can assume that the book was published in Kenya, though it may actually be published in another country, interested in the language of African literature. The context of reception, the receivers, would implied to be African people, however the actual audience could range from university students studying literature, teachers, (school) students, language analysts, and many more. The discourse and cultural perspective would be for English speakers who are interested in the language of African literature. Additionally, the discourse can be further linked to a loss of identity through language. The context of production could be to sell the book and the idea of African literature, though in context of reception the message that this passage conveys is one African person&rsquo;s story, Ngugi, of the loss of identity through language. Fundamentally, the purpose of this passage is to illustrate the importance of what language meant to a group of patriotic people living in Kenya. Nonetheless, the dominant purpose is the loss of identity through language.</p>
	<p>
		The structure of this passage follows a simple and sequential pattern. A pattern that follows throughout the passage is that the paragraphs increase in content. They hold more information as the audience proceeds to the third paragraph, and then start to gradually decrease. This is parallel to the story being told because at first the African people are filled with joy and layers of stories, however they gradually begin to lose their language, and so their joy. This is enunciated through the decrease in paragraph size. Furthermore, there is a distinct flow as each paragraph continues to the next. Each paragraph encloses a story, vignette, or a meaning that grasps an audience. The pattern follows a very specific structure where the first paragraph explores the people who live in this village, the second shows the language, and the third illustrates the value of the language. The first three paragraphs captures the meaning of the language to the African people living in Kenya. The next three paragraphs show the path of the loss of this beautiful language. The paragraphs are arranged in a parallel, sequential and chronological order. The effect of this is large because it captures the audience&rsquo;s attention as there is a flow to the passage. Additionally, it students to distinguish between the different sections and ideas of each paragraph of the passage. It widens incoming information for a variety of audiences. The structure is parallel to the purpose because of the sequential flow of the value of language and its deterioration.</p>
	<p>
		The theme of the passage and its discourse relates to the loss of identity. From the beginning of the passage the identity of the writer and family are formed. Each night members of the village would tell a story and the difference of the story were shown through &lsquo;the use of words and images&rsquo;. Soon they started to learn &lsquo;to value words for their meaning and nuances&rsquo;. The stories were told in their own language, and they were repeated each night. That is why the tones and words used were important because even though the story was the same it was new (due to different words). In this part of the passage we see that the African people really value their language, Gikuyu. Nonetheless the passage continues to explain that once Ngugi went to &lsquo;a colonial school&rsquo; all &lsquo;this harmony was broken&rsquo;. This is because the language he learnt, English, was not his culture. This was when the Ngugi loss part of his identity. The writer changed school&rsquo;s and was able to learn in his language, but once the colonial regime took over, his language was history. This loss of identity is a dominant theme that is present throughout the passage. Language was the identity of the Ngugi in the first few paragraphs. Audience&rsquo;s can clearly see that this is evident because of the joy and happiness it brought to the writer and his village. But, we immediately see a change in tone when the Ngugi is no longer able to learn and speak in his language. The loss of identity dominated.</p>
	<p>
		The language of this passage attracts audiences from the very beginning. The writer, Ngugi, first provided information about his family and area of Kenya he lives in. At the beginning of the second paragraph (line 4-5) two short sentences open the paragraph. These two short sentences make it clear that this passage is about language and its power. Ngugi stated that his people &lsquo;spoke Gikuyu&rsquo; when working in the fields and they &lsquo;spoke Gikuyu in and outside the home&rsquo;. The repetition of &lsquo;we spoke&rsquo; indicates that there was a mentality where they work together. It shows the importance of their language. The happiness that was due to the language was because they were able to learn in that language and each night they would listen to stories. Visual imagery is used when Ngugi explains that during the evenings they would listen to stories around the &lsquo;fireside&rsquo;. These stories caused them to value language. Language evolved into becoming &lsquo;not a mere string of words&rsquo; but an emotion and power. This was their lexis, their way of choosing words and expressing feelings. This metaphor of explained that language was more than a sentence, it was an emotion, whereby they even made music of their language. Language is personified through this passage as their language developed to have &lsquo;a beauty of its own&rsquo;. They used &lsquo;images and symbols&rsquo; that enabled them to perceive, view and interpret the world. This personification made language a power and lifestyle. A sharp change in tone dominates the passage when Ngugi describes that this &lsquo;harmony&rsquo; ended. This was when he changed school. However, the impact was greatest when all the schools had to be run by the &lsquo;colonial regime&rsquo;. This change in tone and feeling would impact an audience because Ngugi made it clear that language meant everything, and now that it was being removed elicited sad emotions. The culture in Kenya was a collectivist one where everyone worked together like one big family. The beauty of this was that it was what language meant to them. This can be seen through the poem when inclusive pronouns are used such as &lsquo;us&rsquo;, &lsquo;we&rsquo;, &lsquo;as a whole&rsquo;. Language meant everything. Once Kenya was colonized English became the language of Ngugi&rsquo;s education. The last sentence of the whole passage would give rise to the biggest impact towards an audience. It is when the audience fully realizes that Ngugi&rsquo;s identity was loss. He stated that &lsquo;English became more than a language: it was the language&rsquo;. The italics of the word &lsquo;the&rsquo; gave rise to a literary feature to do with punctuation that put emphasis on the word. English became the language of power as &lsquo;all others had to bow before it.&rsquo; Personification of language was used here to establish the significance of one culture&rsquo;s loss of power through language and another culture&rsquo;s gain of power. It also creates visual imagery and evokes emotion because it confirms the notion that the Gikuyu language is no more. An audience interested in literature or for student, it could provide then with CONCERN, that language was so important for this African people of Kenya. They can sympathize and empathize with them. Essentially, this links to the purpose of the article which was the lost of identity. However, it also gives rise to concern that is a direct response from an audience towards this passage.</p>
	
	<p>
		In conclusion, the structure, language, theme, and techniques evokes emotion, concern and a learning experience through a variety of audiences. I felt that this article made me realize the important of language. It made me empathize with people who have to learn a new language and forget their own. With language comes a history and an identity. The loss of identity is a loss of part of one&rsquo;s self. We sometimes take language, our identity and heritage for advantage and this is why we don&rsquo;t realize the impact of it until it is gone. This passage explains the significance and power of language.</p>
	
	
	
	
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
</div>
<h2>
	Teacher&#39;s Comments</h2>
<p>
	Before reading the teacher&#39;s marks and comments, decide on the grade yourself, and motivate the marks you award against the <a href="http://www.englishalanglit-inthinking.co.uk/paper-1/criteria.htm">grading criteria</a>.&nbsp;</p>

<div class="pinkBg">
	
	<p>
		<strong>Criterion A - Understanding of the text - 5 marks</strong></p>
	<p>
		The analysis of the text should show an understanding of the text&#39;s purpose, its context (where this can be deduced) and target audience. One&#39;s analysis of the text needs to be supported by relevant examples from the text.</p>
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">4 out of 5 &ndash; This is a developed response. The student clearly appreciates the essence of the text, albeit the commentary lacks the level of sophistication and perceptiveness that would take it to level 5. Contexts are discussed at some length, although some of this discussion seems somewhat formulaic. Comments are consistently supported by reference to the text.<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
</div>

<div class="pinkBg">
	
	<p>
		<strong>Criterion B - Understanding of the use and effects of stylistic features</strong>&nbsp;<strong>- 5 marks</strong></p>
	<p>
		The analysis of the text must show an awareness of how stylistic features, such as tone, style and structure, are used to construct meaning. A good analysis comments on effects of these features on its target audience.</p>
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">4 out of 5 &ndash; There is a good awareness of the use of stylistic features. Tone, including its shift, structure, and style are all considered at good length. Effect is discussed, but not consistently, and this aspect of the discussion lacks an awareness and development that could take it to a level 5.</p>
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
</div>

<div class="pinkBg">
	
	<p>
		<strong>Criterion C - Organization and development - 5 marks</strong></p>
	<p>
		The analysis must contain coherent arguments that are well-developed. The analysis must be organized effectively.</p>
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">4 out of 5 &ndash; The student shows a good progression of ideas in quite an extensive response. Paragraphing seems logically ordered for the most part, and the student frequently uses cohesive devices effectively. The essay could arguably be more succinct, albeit the lack of brevity seems to be mostly rooted in the student&rsquo;s language (see criterion D).<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
</div>

<div class="pinkBg">
	
	<p>
		<strong>Criterion D - Language - 5 marks</strong></p>
	<p>
		The language of the analysis must be clear, varied and accurate. The register of the analysis must be appropriate, meaning it contains formal sentence structure, good choice of words and effective terminology.</p>
	<p>
		<img class="ico" src="/r/b1.png">3 out of 5 &ndash; This is the weakest aspect of the student&rsquo;s response. Frequently, the language is clear and accurate, and the student reveals a good appreciation of register in most, but not all, instances. However, there are a range of errors, some of which are quite basic and, at times, obfuscate meaning. Given that the student has written at length, it is perhaps not surprising that error has crept in; nevertheless, a higher mark cannot be justified.<img class="ico" src="/r/b2.png"></p>
	
</div>
<h2>
	Modeling</h2>

<p>
	Modeling work, most would agree, is an effective tool for classroom teaching. Often, example work can come from students. Sometimes, however, it is useful for teachers to model writing for students. Teachers may also want to attempt the tasks that students are examined on; if nothing else, it is a sobering activity, and it reminds teachers just how difficult the challenge is for our students. This teacher attempted the task (in exam conditions!). The <a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Paper%201%20response%20-%20Ngugi.pdf">result</a>, as you can see is mixed, and reminds one of the aphorism &lsquo;do as I say; not as I do&rsquo;. Nevertheless, not all is bad, and whilst it may be counter-productive to share the whole response with students, a judiciously chosen paragraph may further a particular awareness or understanding in students, depending on what is being taught. Perhaps readers should judge this for themselves.</p>
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