File "what-is-this-thing-called-literature.html"
Path: /ThinkIB/englisha/englishalanglit/page/15431/what-is-this-thing-called-literaturehtml
File size: 198.36 KB
MIME-type: text/html
Charset: utf-8
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','0x0x');
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<title>DP English A: Language & Literature: What is this thing called literature?</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="robots" content="none"><meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">
<!-- Removed by WebCopy --><!--<base href="https://www.student.thinkib.net">--><!-- Removed by WebCopy --><meta name="keywords" content="separate tags by commasEnglish A: Language & Literature, ThinkIB.net, InThinking, IB, IBDP, IBMYP"><meta name="description" content="What is this thing called literature?. ThinkIB.net English A: Language & Literature is an InThinking website.">
<link href="../../../css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<link href="../../../css/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../../../css/top-nav.min.css?v=202303031505" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<link href="../../../css/style.min.css?v=202303031505" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<link href="../../../css/style-ib.min.css?v=202303031505" rel="stylesheet" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css">
<link href="../../../js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.min.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/side-nav.min.css?v=202303031505"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../assets/css/ckeditor5-custom.css" type="text/css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/std-access.min.css?v=202303161700"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/snippets.min.css?v=202303031505"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../css/article.min.css?v=202303161700"><script src="../../../js/localdates.min.js?v=202009290900"></script><script src="../../../js/ifvisible.min.js"></script><script>ifvisible.setIdleDuration(300);</script><script>var tibSitename = "englishalanglit";</script>
<script>
const SITE_TAG = "ib"
const SITE_WEB = "ThinkIB.net"
const SITE_DOMAIN = "www.thinkib.net"
const SITE_URI = "https://thinkib.net"
const SITE_CLIENT_CODE = "TIB000001"
let imageThinker = "https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/header-thinker-ib.svg";
let imageStudent = "https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/header-student-thinkib.svg";
</script>
<script>var userHash = "3nahh", userTicket = "0x0x";</script><script src="../../../js/user/local-stats.min.js?v=202102101800"></script><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="60x60" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../../../thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/favicon-128.png" sizes="128x128"><meta name="application-name" content=" "><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF"><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-144x144.png"><meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-70x70.png"><meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-150x150.png"><meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-310x150.png"><meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/favicon/student-thinkib/mstile-310x310.png">
</head>
<body onunload="" class="student-access">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=0x0x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<div id="header">
<div class="wmap">
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="pull-right visible-phone">
<a href="https://www.inthinking.net">
<img src="../../../thinkib/header-logo.svg" style="height: 45px; width: auto">
</a>
</div>
<div class="visible-phone" style="clear:both;"></div>
<div class="pull-left">
<h1><a href="../../../englishalanglit.html?lg=39603"><span style="font-size: .8em;font-family: 'Helvetica Narrow','Arial Narrow',Tahoma,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-stretch: condensed;letter-spacing: -1px">IBDP English A: Language & Literature - Student pages</span></a></h1>
<p class="slogan hidden-phone"><span class="slogan"><em>InThinking</em> Subject Sites for teachers & their classes</span></p>
<p class="hidden-phone"><em>Group: IB Students<br>Teacher: My doggo</em></p>
</div>
<div class="pull-right text-right">
<a class="hidden-phone" href="https://www.inthinking.net">
<img src="../../../thinkib/header-logo.svg" style="height: 70px; width: auto">
</a>
<div class="search"><a href="#" class="toggle-menu-search" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Search"><i class="fa fa-2x fa-search"></i></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="topmenu">
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<div>
<nav class="top-nav"><ul class="level-0"><li><a href="../../../englishalanglit.html?lg=39603"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> Home</a></li><li><a href="../39279/getting-started-students.html">Getting Started: Students</a></li><li><a href="../28558/the-course-.html">The course </a></li><li><a href="../28566/areas-of-exploration-.html">Areas of exploration </a></li><li><a href="../28567/concepts-.html">Concepts </a></li><li><a href="../28564/assessment-.html">Assessment </a></li><li><a href="../28556/resources-.html">Resources </a></li><li><a href="../2526/ib-core.html">IB Core</a></li><li class="selected"><a href="../37314/the-old-course-.html">The old course </a></li></ul></nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<nav id="nav-menu-search" class="shadow-md" style="display: none;">
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<form class="form-inline" role="search" method="get" action="englishalanglit/search">
<input id="nav-search" name="s" type="search" placeholder="Search English A: Language & Literature..." value="">
<button class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" type="submit">
Search
</button>
<a href="#" class="toggle-menu-search" title="Close">
<i class="fa fa-lg fa-times gray"></i>
</a>
</form>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<div id="container" class="container-fluid">
<div id="content">
<div class="row-fluid">
<div id="left-column" class="span3"> <div id="userbox">
<div class="dropdown" style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
<a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle btn">
<img style="width: 16px; height: 16px; margin: -2px 0 0 0;" src="../../../thinkib/user/generic/IBRR.jpg">
IB Docs (2) Team<i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" id="menu1">
<li><a href="../../../englishalanglit.html?lg=39603"><i class="fa fa-caret-right fixwidth gray"></i> IBDP English A: Language & Literature</a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net"><i class="fa fa-dashboard fixwidth colored"></i> Dashboard</a></li><li><a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net/?pan=tasks"><i class="fa fa-pencil fixwidth colored"></i> All tasks</a></li><li><a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net/std/profile-editor"><i class="fa fa-user fixwidth colored"></i> My profile</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.student.thinkib.net?logout=1">
<i class="fa fa-power-off fixwidth"></i> Log out
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div id="std-side-box" data-pid="1297" style="background: #f6f6f6; margin-bottom: 20px;"><div id="usernav" style="margin: 0; padding: 0px;"> <div class="row-fluid accordion-group" style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"> <div class="" style="padding: 6px 4px 6px 8px; background: #E89C12;"> <a class="accordion-toggle std-header" style="color: #fff; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #444; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; " data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#usernav" href="#side-box-content-assignments"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right white" style="margin-left: 4px;"></i> Tasks </a> </div> <div id="side-box-content-assignments" class="accordion-body collapse"> <div class="accordion-inner" style="line-height: 1.7em;"><span style="background: #dbdbdb; text-shadow: none; font-size: .9em; padding: 5px 2px; margin-bottom: 6px;width: 100%;display: block;"> Active tasks</span><ul style="margin: 0;"><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/480392/paper-2-sample-response-2-the-reader-and-the-god-of-small-things.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 2: Sample Response 2 (The Reader and The God of Small Things) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/480393/paper-2-sample-response-3-ghosts-and-the-bluest-eye.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 2: Sample Response 3 (Ghosts and The Bluest Eye) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/485698/paper-1-practice-texts-to-go-book-reviews.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 1 Practice Texts to Go: Book Reviews </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523953/may-2022-paper-1s.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> May 2022 Paper 1s </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523954/2022-paper-1-sample-response-1-climate-change.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2022 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Climate Change) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523955/2022-paper-1-sample-response-2-climate-change.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2022 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Climate Change) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523956/2022-paper-1-sample-response-3-climate-change.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2022 Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (Climate Change) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523957/2022-paper-1-sample-response-1-travel-blog.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2022 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Travel Blog) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523958/2022-paper-1-sample-response-2-travel-blog.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2022 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Travel Blog) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523959/2022-paper-1-sample-response-3-travel-blog.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2022 Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (Travel Blog) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523960/2021-paper-1-sample-response-1-infographic.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Infographic) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523961/2021-paper-1-sample-response-2-infographic.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Infographic) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523962/2021-paper-1-sample-response-3-infographic.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (Infographic) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523963/2021-paper-1-sample-response-4-infographic.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 4 (Infographic) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523964/2021-paper-1-sample-response-5-infographic.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 5 (Infographic) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523965/2021-paper-1-sample-response-1-tandoori-food.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Tandoori Food) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523966/2021-paper-1-sample-response-3-tandoori-food.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (Tandoori Food) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523967/2021-paper-1-sample-response-4-tandoori-food.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 4 (Tandoori Food) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523968/2021-paper-1-sample-response-5-tandoori-food.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 5 (Tandoori Food) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523969/2021-paper-1-sample-response-1-yoruba-twins.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Yoruba Twins) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523970/2021-paper-1-sample-response-2-yoruba-twins.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Yoruba Twins) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523971/2021-paper-1-sample-response-2-jake-likes-onions.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Jake Likes Onions) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523972/2022-paper-1-sample-response-1-first-dog-on-the-moon.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2022 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (First Dog on the Moon) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523973/2022-paper-1-sample-response-1-ode-to-cauliflower.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2022 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Ode to Cauliflower) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523974/2021-paper-1-sample-response-1-housewives.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Housewives) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523975/2021-paper-1-sample-response-1-humor-that-works.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> 2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Humor That Works) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523976/november-2021-paper-1s.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> November 2021 Paper 1s </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523977/november-2022-paper-1s.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> November 2022 Paper 1s </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523978/pre-2021-paper-1s.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Pre-2021 Paper 1s </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523979/paper-1-sample-response-1-how-to-attract-women-without-even-tryi.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (How to Attract Women Without Even Trying) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523980/paper-1-sample-response-2-george-monbiot-the-unlearning.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (George Monbiot, The Unlearning) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523981/paper-1-sample-response-3-george-monbiot-embarrassment-of-riches.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (George Monbiot, Embarrassment of Riches) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523982/paper-1-sample-response-13-watches.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 1: Sample Response 13 (Watches) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523983/paper-1-sample-response-14-aspen-trees.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 1: Sample Response 14 (Aspen Trees) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523984/paper-1-specimen-paper-slavery-today.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 1: Specimen Paper (Slavery Today) </a></span></li><li class="task"><span><a href="../../task/523985/paper-2-sample-response-4-a-dolls-house-and-the-crucible.html"><i class="fa fa-file fa-fw colored fixwidth" title="Reading task"></i> Paper 2: Sample Response 4 (A Doll’s House and The Crucible) </a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><br><div id="topicsnav" style="margin: 0; padding: 0px;"> <div class="row-fluid accordion-group" style="border: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"> <div style="padding: 6px 4px 6px 8px; background: #204a87;"> <a class="accordion-toggle std-header" style="color: #fff; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #444; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#topicsnav" href="#side-box-topics-list"> <i class="fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90 white" style="margin-left: 4px;"></i> Topics </a> <span id="sidetreecontrol"> <a title="Collapse all" rel="collapse" href="#"> <i class="fa fa-minus-circle"></i> </a> <a title="Expand all" rel="expand" href="#"> <i class="fa fa-plus-circle"></i> </a> </span> </div> <div id="side-box-topics-list" class="accordion-body in collapse"> <div class="accordion-inner" style="line-height: 1.7em; padding: 0;"> <nav class="side-nav" id="sidemenu"><ul class="level-0 always-expanded"><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39279/getting-started-students.html" title="Getting Started: Students">Getting Started: Students</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46963/the-course.html" title="The course">The course</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39280/assessment-exemplars-and-exam-revision.html" title="Assessment, exemplars and exam revision">Assessment, exemplars and exam revision</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43198/paper-1-.html" title="Paper 1 ">Paper 1 </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43192/what-is-it-.html" title="What is it? ">What is it? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43193/what-is-a-guiding-question.html" title="What is a guiding question?">What is a guiding question?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43253/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43254/can-i-read-an-example-.html" title="Can I read an example? ">Can I read an example? </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43256/2021-paper-1-sample-response-1-tandoori-food-.html" title="2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Tandoori Food) ">2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 1 (Tandoori Food) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43257/2021-paper-1-sample-response-2-tandoori-food-.html" title="2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Tandoori Food) ">2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 2 (Tandoori Food) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43258/2021-paper-1-sample-response-3-tandoori-food-.html" title="2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (Tandoori Food) ">2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 3 (Tandoori Food) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43259/2021-paper-1-sample-response-4-tandoori-food.html" title="2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 4 (Tandoori Food)">2021 Paper 1: Sample Response 4 (Tandoori Food)</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43437/do-you-have-a-step-by-step-process-for-what-to-do-in-the-actual-.html" title="Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam?">Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43438/how-do-i-prepare-for-my-paper-1-exam.html" title="How do I prepare for my Paper 1 exam?">How do I prepare for my Paper 1 exam?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../43439/how-do-i-organize-my-paper-1.html" title="How do I organize my Paper 1?">How do I organize my Paper 1?</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44395/paper-2-.html" title="Paper 2 ">Paper 2 </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44396/what-is-it-.html" title="What is it? ">What is it? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44397/what-types-of-questions-will-be-asked.html" title="What types of questions will be asked?">What types of questions will be asked?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44398/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44399/can-i-read-an-example-.html" title="Can I read an example? ">Can I read an example? </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44400/paper-2-sample-response-1-never-let-me-go-and-extremely-loud-and.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 1 (Never Let Me Go and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close)">Paper 2: Sample Response 1 (Never Let Me Go and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44401/paper-2-sample-response-2-the-reader-and-the-god-of-small-things.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 2 (The Reader and The God of Small Things) ">Paper 2: Sample Response 2 (The Reader and The God of Small Things) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44402/paper-2-sample-response-3-a-dolls-house-and-the-crucible-.html" title="Paper 2: Sample Response 3 (A Doll’s House and The Crucible) ">Paper 2: Sample Response 3 (A Doll’s House and The Crucible) </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44403/do-you-have-a-step-by-step-process-for-what-to-do-in-the-actual-.html" title="Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam? ">Do you have a step-by-step process for what to do in the actual exam? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44404/how-do-i-prepare-for-my-paper-2-exam-.html" title="How do I prepare for my Paper 2 exam? ">How do I prepare for my Paper 2 exam? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44405/how-do-i-organize-my-paper-2-.html" title="How do I organize my Paper 2? ">How do I organize my Paper 2? </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39457/individual-oral-.html" title="Individual oral ">Individual oral </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39458/what-is-it.html" title="What is it?">What is it?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40091/what-are-global-issues.html" title="What are global issues?">What are global issues?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39459/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39462/can-i-listen-to-an-example-.html" title="Can I listen to an example? ">Can I listen to an example? </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../44388/student-model-example-1-masters-of-war-and-requiem-for-the-ameri.html" title="Student Model Example 1 (Masters of War and Requiem for the American Dream)">Student Model Example 1 (Masters of War and Requiem for the American Dream)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39460/teacher-model-example-1-macbeth-and-ww1-propaganda-poster.html" title="Teacher Model Example 1 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)">Teacher Model Example 1 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39560/how-do-i-prepare-for-my-individual-oral.html" title="How do I prepare for my Individual Oral?">How do I prepare for my Individual Oral?</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39561/step-1-choose-your-topic.html" title="Step 1: Choose your topic">Step 1: Choose your topic</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39562/step-2-pick-your-extracts-and-annotate-them-and-the-workbody-of-.html" title="Step 2: Pick your extracts and annotate them (and the work/body of work)">Step 2: Pick your extracts and annotate them (and the work/body of work)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39564/step-3-create-an-unofficial-outline.html" title="Step 3: Create an unofficial outline">Step 3: Create an unofficial outline</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39565/step-4-create-your-official-ib-outline-and-rehearse.html" title="Step 4: Create your official IB outline and rehearse">Step 4: Create your official IB outline and rehearse</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39566/step-5-practice-practice-practice.html" title="Step 5: Practice, practice, practice">Step 5: Practice, practice, practice</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../39567/step-6-deliver-your-individual-oral.html" title="Step 6: Deliver your Individual Oral">Step 6: Deliver your Individual Oral</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40148/higher-level-essay-.html" title="Higher level essay ">Higher level essay </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40157/what-is-it-.html" title="What is it? ">What is it? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40158/what-is-a-line-of-inquiry.html" title="What is a line of inquiry?">What is a line of inquiry?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40160/how-am-i-graded.html" title="How am I graded?">How am I graded?</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40162/can-i-read-an-example-.html" title="Can I read an example? ">Can I read an example? </a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40152/model-example-1-szymborska-poetry-.html" title="Model example 1 (Szymborska Poetry) ">Model example 1 (Szymborska Poetry) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40154/model-example-2-george-monbiot.html" title="Model example 2 (George Monbiot)">Model example 2 (George Monbiot)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40153/model-example-3-white-noise-.html" title="Model example 3 (White Noise) ">Model example 3 (White Noise) </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40240/can-you-help-me-with-the-entire-process.html" title="Can you help me with the entire process?">Can you help me with the entire process?</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40242/do-you-have-a-checklist-to-help-me-out.html" title="Do you have a checklist to help me out?">Do you have a checklist to help me out?</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46964/learner-portfolio-.html" title="Learner Portfolio ">Learner Portfolio </a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46965/more-about-the-learner-portfolio.html" title="More about the Learner Portfolio">More about the Learner Portfolio</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28558/the-course-.html" title="The course ">The course </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29037/creating-student-accounts.html" title="Creating student accounts">Creating student accounts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28561/requirements.html" title="Requirements">Requirements</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29267/learner-portfolio.html" title="Learner Portfolio">Learner Portfolio</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29269/explaining-the-learner-portfolio-to-students.html" title="Explaining the Learner Portfolio to Students">Explaining the Learner Portfolio to Students</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29268/formatting-the-learner-portfolio.html" title="Formatting the Learner Portfolio">Formatting the Learner Portfolio</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28560/principles-of-course-design.html" title="Principles of course design">Principles of course design</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29983/bodies-of-work.html" title="Bodies of work">Bodies of work</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37316/bodies-of-work-a-curated-list.html" title="Bodies of Work - A Curated List">Bodies of Work - A Curated List</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28566/areas-of-exploration-.html" title="Areas of exploration ">Areas of exploration </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28568/readers-writers-and-texts.html" title="Readers, writers and texts">Readers, writers and texts</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28578/requirements.html" title="Requirements">Requirements</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28569/time-and-space.html" title="Time and space">Time and space</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28583/requirements.html" title="Requirements">Requirements</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34803/black-lives-matter.html" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34802/part-1-the-language-of-a-movement.html" title="Part 1 - The Language of a Movement">Part 1 - The Language of a Movement</a></li></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28570/intertextuality-connecting-texts.html" title="Intertextuality: connecting texts">Intertextuality: connecting texts</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28587/requirements.html" title="Requirements">Requirements</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28589/teaching-resources.html" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28567/concepts-.html" title="Concepts ">Concepts </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28571/identity.html" title="Identity">Identity</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29029/teaching-resources.html" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28572/culture.html" title="Culture">Culture</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28573/creativity.html" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28574/communication.html" title="Communication">Communication</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31252/metoo-gender-and-power-.html" title="#MeToo - Gender and Power ">#MeToo - Gender and Power </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31255/fake-news-.html" title="Fake News ">Fake News </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28575/perspective.html" title="Perspective">Perspective</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31253/metoo-gender-and-power-.html" title="#MeToo - Gender and Power ">#MeToo - Gender and Power </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31734/exploring-the-natural-world-an-opinion-columnists-body-of-work-.html" title="Exploring the Natural World – An Opinion Columnist’s Body of Work ">Exploring the Natural World – An Opinion Columnist’s Body of Work </a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28576/transformation.html" title="Transformation">Transformation</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Teaching resources">Teaching resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32851/the-language-of-infectious-disease-covid-19.html" title="The Language of Infectious Disease - COVID-19">The Language of Infectious Disease - COVID-19</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28577/representation.html" title="Representation">Representation</a></li></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28564/assessment-.html" title="Assessment ">Assessment </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28591/paper-1.html" title="Paper 1">Paper 1</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30239/tips-.html" title="Tips ">Tips </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30222/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30240/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30243/8-writing-tips-.html" title="8 writing tips ">8 writing tips </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="P1 sample work">P1 sample work</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523953.html" title="May 2022 Paper 1s">May 2022 Paper 1s</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523976.html" title="November 2021 Paper 1s">November 2021 Paper 1s</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Pre-2021 Paper 1s">Pre-2021 Paper 1s</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37572/paper-1-sample-response-8-mens-health-iii.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 8 (Men's Health iii)">Paper 1: Sample Response 8 (Men's Health iii)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37338/paper-1-sample-response-9-justin-gatlin.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 9 (Justin Gatlin)">Paper 1: Sample Response 9 (Justin Gatlin)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37341/paper-1-sample-response-10-justin-gatlin-.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 10 (Justin Gatlin) ">Paper 1: Sample Response 10 (Justin Gatlin) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37340/paper-1-sample-response-11-justin-gatlin-.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 11 (Justin Gatlin) ">Paper 1: Sample Response 11 (Justin Gatlin) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../37339/paper-1-sample-response-12-justin-gatlin-.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 12 (Justin Gatlin) ">Paper 1: Sample Response 12 (Justin Gatlin) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523982.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 13 (Watches)">Paper 1: Sample Response 13 (Watches)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../../task/523983.html" title="Paper 1: Sample Response 14 (Aspen Trees)">Paper 1: Sample Response 14 (Aspen Trees)</a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30237/paper-1-practice-texts-to-go-.html" title="Paper 1: Practice Texts to Go ">Paper 1: Practice Texts to Go </a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28592/paper-2.html" title="Paper 2">Paper 2</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30255/tips-.html" title="Tips ">Tips </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30270/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30256/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31697/revising-literary-works-for-paper-2.html" title="Revising Literary Works for Paper 2">Revising Literary Works for Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30792/connecting-comparing-and-contrasting-in-paper-2.html" title="Connecting, Comparing and Contrasting in Paper 2">Connecting, Comparing and Contrasting in Paper 2</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46727/resources-for-students.html" title="Resources for Students">Resources for Students</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46723/preparing-for-paper-2.html" title="Preparing for Paper 2">Preparing for Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46724/organizing-and-structuring-paper-2.html" title="Organizing and Structuring Paper 2">Organizing and Structuring Paper 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../46722/step-by-step-paper-2-process.html" title="Step-by-Step Paper 2 Process">Step-by-Step Paper 2 Process</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28602/p2-sample-work.html" title="P2 sample work">P2 sample work</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28593/higher-level-essay.html" title="Higher level essay">Higher level essay</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30557/tips.html" title="Tips">Tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30273/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30272/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28606/hle-sample-work.html" title="HLE sample work">HLE sample work</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28594/individual-oral.html" title="Individual oral">Individual oral</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36433/resources.html" title="Resources">Resources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../34550/introducing-the-individual-oral-to-students-a-powerpoint.html" title="Introducing the Individual Oral to Students (a PowerPoint)">Introducing the Individual Oral to Students (a PowerPoint)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36435/stages-of-support.html" title="Stages of Support">Stages of Support</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32623/possible-outlines.html" title="Possible Outlines">Possible Outlines</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36434/how-to-prepare-for-your-individual-oral.html" title="How to Prepare for Your Individual Oral">How to Prepare for Your Individual Oral</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30559/global-issues.html" title="Global issues">Global issues</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30558/criteria-.html" title="Criteria ">Criteria </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30271/skills-.html" title="Skills ">Skills </a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28610/io-sample-work.html" title="IO sample work">IO sample work</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="2021 Individual Orals">2021 Individual Orals</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../40184/2021-individual-oral-exemplar-1-brave-new-world-and-sara-rahbar.html" title="2021 Individual Oral: Exemplar 1 (Brave New World and Sara Rahbar)">2021 Individual Oral: Exemplar 1 (Brave New World and Sara Rahbar)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Pre-2021 Individual Orals">Pre-2021 Individual Orals</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36777/individual-oral-exemplar-4-macbeth-and-ww1-propaganda-poster.html" title="Individual Oral: Exemplar 4 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)">Individual Oral: Exemplar 4 (Macbeth and WW1 Propaganda Poster)</a></li></ul></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28556/resources-.html" title="Resources ">Resources </a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30276/glossary-of-key-terms-for-language-and-literature.html" title="Glossary of Key Terms for Language and Literature">Glossary of Key Terms for Language and Literature</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30277/-accent.html" title="- Accent">- Accent</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30278/-actual-reader.html" title="- Actual reader">- Actual reader</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30279/-actual-writer-.html" title="- Actual writer ">- Actual writer </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30353/-adjective-.html" title="- Adjective ">- Adjective </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30448/-adverb.html" title="- Adverb">- Adverb</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30449/-alliteration.html" title="- Alliteration">- Alliteration</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30451/-allusion.html" title="- Allusion">- Allusion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30452/-analogy.html" title="- Analogy">- Analogy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30454/-anti-advertising-.html" title="- Anti-advertising ">- Anti-advertising </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30455/-antithesis-.html" title="- Antithesis ">- Antithesis </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30457/-appeal-to-authority-.html" title="- Appeal to authority ">- Appeal to authority </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30459/-appeal-to-fear.html" title="- Appeal to fear">- Appeal to fear</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30460/-audience.html" title="- Audience">- Audience</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30462/-bandwagon-effect.html" title="- Bandwagon effect">- Bandwagon effect</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30463/-bias-.html" title="- Bias ">- Bias </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30464/-cacophony-.html" title="- Cacophony ">- Cacophony </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30466/-caesura-.html" title="- Caesura ">- Caesura </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30467/-characterisation-.html" title="- Characterisation ">- Characterisation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30469/-clause-.html" title="- Clause ">- Clause </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30470/-cliche-cliche-.html" title="- Cliché (cliche) ">- Cliché (cliche) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30471/-coherence.html" title="- Coherence">- Coherence</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30472/-colloquialism.html" title="- Colloquialism">- Colloquialism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30473/-complex-sentence-.html" title="- Complex sentence ">- Complex sentence </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30475/-conflict-in-advertising-.html" title="- Conflict in advertising ">- Conflict in advertising </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30483/-conjunctions-.html" title="- Conjunctions ">- Conjunctions </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30484/-connotation-.html" title="- Connotation ">- Connotation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30476/-context-of-production-.html" title="- Context of production ">- Context of production </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30477/-context-of-reception-.html" title="- Context of reception ">- Context of reception </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30478/-core-vocabulary-.html" title="- Core vocabulary ">- Core vocabulary </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30479/-couplet-.html" title="- Couplet ">- Couplet </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30485/-crowdsourcing-.html" title="- Crowdsourcing ">- Crowdsourcing </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30481/-deictic-.html" title="- Deictic ">- Deictic </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30486/-denotation-.html" title="- Denotation ">- Denotation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30487/-denouement-.html" title="- Denouement ">- Denouement </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30488/-dialect-.html" title="- Dialect ">- Dialect </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30489/-diatribe-.html" title="- Diatribe ">- Diatribe </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30490/-direct-narration-.html" title="- Direct narration ">- Direct narration </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30492/-direct-speech-.html" title="- Direct speech ">- Direct speech </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30493/-dramatic-irony.html" title="- Dramatic Irony">- Dramatic Irony</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30515/-ellipsis.html" title="- Ellipsis">- Ellipsis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30516/-end-stopped-line-.html" title="- End-stopped line ">- End-stopped line </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30517/-enjambement-.html" title="- Enjambement ">- Enjambement </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30518/-eponymous-.html" title="- Eponymous ">- Eponymous </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30519/-equivocation-.html" title="- Equivocation ">- Equivocation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30520/-ethos-.html" title="- Ethos ">- Ethos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30521/-euphemism.html" title="- Euphemism">- Euphemism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30522/-first-person-point-of-view-.html" title="- First-person point-of-view ">- First-person point-of-view </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30523/-formalism.html" title="- Formalism">- Formalism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30524/-free-indirect-speech-.html" title="- Free indirect speech ">- Free indirect speech </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30527/-free-verse-.html" title="- Free verse ">- Free verse </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30525/-function-.html" title="- Function ">- Function </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30528/-gatekeeper-.html" title="- Gatekeeper ">- Gatekeeper </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30530/-generalizations-.html" title="- Generalizations ">- Generalizations </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30531/-genre-.html" title="- Genre ">- Genre </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30532/-graphology-.html" title="- Graphology ">- Graphology </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30533/-haiku-.html" title="- Haiku ">- Haiku </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30534/-hyperbole-.html" title="- Hyperbole ">- Hyperbole </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30535/-idiolect-.html" title="- Idiolect ">- Idiolect </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30536/-imagery-.html" title="- Imagery ">- Imagery </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30537/-indirect-narration-.html" title="- Indirect narration ">- Indirect narration </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30538/-intertextuality-.html" title="- Intertextuality ">- Intertextuality </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30539/-irony-.html" title="- Irony ">- Irony </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30540/-jargon-.html" title="- Jargon ">- Jargon </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30541/-juxtaposition-.html" title="- Juxtaposition ">- Juxtaposition </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30542/-language-.html" title="- Language ">- Language </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30543/-logos-.html" title="- Logos ">- Logos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30544/-long-tail-marketing-.html" title="- Long tail marketing ">- Long tail marketing </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30545/-mash-up-.html" title="- Mash up ">- Mash up </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30546/-metaphor-.html" title="- Metaphor ">- Metaphor </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30548/-metonymy-.html" title="- Metonymy ">- Metonymy </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30549/-modality-.html" title="- Modality ">- Modality </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30550/-multivocal-.html" title="- Multivocal ">- Multivocal </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30551/-newsworthiness-.html" title="- Newsworthiness ">- Newsworthiness </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30552/-nominalisation-.html" title="- Nominalisation ">- Nominalisation </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30553/-notifications-.html" title="- Notifications ">- Notifications </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30554/-noun-phrase-.html" title="- Noun Phrase ">- Noun Phrase </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30555/-onomatopoeia.html" title="- Onomatopoeia">- Onomatopoeia</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30560/-paralanguage-.html" title="- Paralanguage ">- Paralanguage </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30561/-pathos-.html" title="- Pathos ">- Pathos </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30562/-pay-per-click-.html" title="- Pay-per-click ">- Pay-per-click </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30563/-personalization-.html" title="- Personalization ">- Personalization </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30564/-personification-.html" title="- Personification ">- Personification </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30565/-phonlogical-.html" title="- Phonlogical ">- Phonlogical </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30566/-phrase.html" title="- Phrase">- Phrase</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30567/-problem-solution-technique-.html" title="- Problem / solution technique ">- Problem / solution technique </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30574/-pun.html" title="- Pun">- Pun</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30579/-reported-speech.html" title="- Reported speech">- Reported speech</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30583/-sensationalism-.html" title="- Sensationalism ">- Sensationalism </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30584/-setting-.html" title="- Setting ">- Setting </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30585/-shock-advertising-.html" title="- Shock advertising ">- Shock advertising </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30586/-simile-.html" title="- Simile ">- Simile </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30588/-slang-.html" title="- Slang ">- Slang </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30590/-slogan-.html" title="- Slogan ">- Slogan </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30591/-social-networking-.html" title="- Social networking ">- Social networking </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30592/-stereotyping.html" title="- Stereotyping">- Stereotyping</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30593/-super-crunching-.html" title="- Super crunching ">- Super crunching </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30594/-synecdoche-.html" title="- Synecdoche ">- Synecdoche </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30595/-testimonial-.html" title="- Testimonial ">- Testimonial </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30596/-textuality-.html" title="- Textuality ">- Textuality </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30597/-use-of-celebrities.html" title="- Use of celebrities">- Use of celebrities</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30598/-viral-.html" title="- Viral ">- Viral </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30581/second-person-point-of-view-copy.html" title="Second-person point-of-view (copy)">Second-person point-of-view (copy)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../30582/semantic-field-copy.html" title="Semantic Field (copy)">Semantic Field (copy)</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../29339/marking-criteria-for-classroom-use.html" title="Marking Criteria for Classroom Use">Marking Criteria for Classroom Use</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28897/powerpoint-introductions.html" title="PowerPoint Introductions">PowerPoint Introductions</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../33684/teaching-visual-and-multimodal-texts.html" title="Teaching Visual and Multimodal Texts">Teaching Visual and Multimodal Texts</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../35989/a-language-for-discussing-film.html" title="A Language for Discussing Film">A Language for Discussing Film</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2526/ib-core.html" title="IB Core">IB Core</a></li><ul class="level-1 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2922/extended-essay.html" title="Extended Essay">Extended Essay</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22218/criteria-first-exam-in-2018.html" title="Criteria (first exam in 2018)">Criteria (first exam in 2018)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22217/requirements-first-exam-in-2018.html" title="Requirements (first exam in 2018)">Requirements (first exam in 2018)</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11461/skills.html" title="Skills">Skills</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15436/extended-essays-studies-in-language-sample-topics-and-research-q.html" title="Extended Essays: Studies in Language Sample Topics and Research Questions">Extended Essays: Studies in Language Sample Topics and Research Questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11463/research-questions.html" title="Research questions">Research questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8362/sample-essays.html" title="Sample essays">Sample essays</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../36157/2020-ee-category-2-the-wind-up-bird-chronicle-and-we-have-always.html" title="2020 EE Category 2 (The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and We Have Always Lived in the Castle)">2020 EE Category 2 (The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and We Have Always Lived in the Castle)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../35919/2019-ee-category-1-nwa-song-lyrics-.html" title="2019 EE Category 1 (N.W.A Song Lyrics) ">2019 EE Category 1 (N.W.A Song Lyrics) </a></li></ul></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2921/theory-of-knowledge-tok.html" title="Theory of Knowledge (TOK)">Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</a></li></ul><li class="ancestor parent std-toplevel" style="padding-left: 4px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../37314/the-old-course-.html" title="The old course ">The old course </a></li><ul class="level-1 expanded"><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2846/part-1-2020-exams.html" title="Part 1 (2020 exams)">Part 1 (2020 exams)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3131/topics.html" title="Topics">Topics</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19012/language-and-laughter.html" title="Language and Laughter">Language and Laughter</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8717/gender-sexuality.html" title="Gender & sexuality">Gender & sexuality</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2847/part-2-2020-exams.html" title="Part 2 (2020 exams)">Part 2 (2020 exams)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3132/topics.html" title="Topics">Topics</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../7748/textual-bias.html" title="Textual bias">Textual bias</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8727/stereotypes.html" title="Stereotypes">Stereotypes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8728/popular-culture.html" title="Popular culture">Popular culture</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8729/language-and-campaigns.html" title="Language and campaigns">Language and campaigns</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8730/language-and-the-state.html" title="Language and the state">Language and the state</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8731/media-institutions.html" title="Media institutions">Media institutions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8732/role-of-editing.html" title="Role of editing">Role of editing</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8733/use-of-persuasive-language.html" title="Use of persuasive language">Use of persuasive language</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8734/arts-and-entertainment.html" title="Arts and entertainment">Arts and entertainment</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2854/key-concepts.html" title="Key concepts">Key concepts</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3007/advertising-techniques.html" title="Advertising techniques">Advertising techniques</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3143/euphemisms.html" title="Euphemisms">Euphemisms</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../14529/guerrilla-ads.html" title="Guerrilla ads">Guerrilla ads</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../7385/sensationalism.html" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9209/the-internet.html" title="The Internet">The Internet</a></li></ul></ul><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../2521/part-3-2020-exams.html" title="Part 3 (2020 exams)">Part 3 (2020 exams)</a></li><ul class="level-2 expanded"><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2857/works.html" title="Works">Works</a></li><li class="ancestor parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right fa-rotate-90"></i><a class="" href="../11053/key-concepts.html" title="Key concepts">Key concepts</a></li><ul class="level-3 expanded"><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16038/characterisation-a-values-profile.html" title="Characterisation: A Values Profile">Characterisation: A Values Profile</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11077/characters-and-context.html" title="Characters and context">Characters and context</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11054/context-of-composition.html" title="Context of composition">Context of composition</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11322/context-of-interpretation.html" title="Context of interpretation">Context of interpretation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23178/faction.html" title="Faction">Faction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26934/intertextualty-introductory-activities.html" title="Intertextualty: Introductory Activities">Intertextualty: Introductory Activities</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16891/introducing-literature-in-context-a-summer-activity.html" title="Introducing Literature in Context: A Summer Activity">Introducing Literature in Context: A Summer Activity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16124/letters-in-context.html" title="Letters in Context">Letters in Context</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16085/literature-characterisation-and-the-ib-learner-profile.html" title="Literature, Characterisation, and the IB Learner Profile">Literature, Characterisation, and the IB Learner Profile</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11056/marxism-feminism-freud.html" title="Marxism, feminism & Freud">Marxism, feminism & Freud</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15752/patterns-in-literature-parallelism-and-deviation.html" title="Patterns in Literature: Parallelism and Deviation">Patterns in Literature: Parallelism and Deviation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26110/revising-part-3-texts.html" title="Revising Part 3 Texts">Revising Part 3 Texts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16453/revision-with-twitterature.html" title="Revision With Twitterature">Revision With Twitterature</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15384/the-preconception-game.html" title="The Preconception Game">The Preconception Game</a></li><li class="current" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="what-is-this-thing-called-literature.html" title="What is this thing called literature?">What is this thing called literature?</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9003/theoretical-reading.html" title="Theoretical reading">Theoretical reading</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2848/part-4-2020-exams.html" title="Part 4 (2020 exams)">Part 4 (2020 exams)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15950/works.html" title="Works">Works</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2868/key-concepts.html" title="Key concepts">Key concepts</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8127/characterization-1.html" title="Characterization 1">Characterization 1</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11210/characterization-2.html" title="Characterization 2">Characterization 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11213/diction.html" title="Diction">Diction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11167/exposition.html" title="Exposition">Exposition</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8975/figurative-language.html" title="Figurative language">Figurative language</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10940/imagery-5-senses.html" title="Imagery & 5 senses">Imagery & 5 senses</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10901/metaphor-simile.html" title="Metaphor & simile">Metaphor & simile</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10277/narrative-technique.html" title="Narrative technique">Narrative technique</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10281/theme.html" title="Theme">Theme</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16942/zones-of-proximity-an-activity-for-discussing-tone.html" title="Zones of Proximity: An Activity for Discussing Tone">Zones of Proximity: An Activity for Discussing Tone</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2522/assessment-2020-exams.html" title="Assessment (2020 exams)">Assessment (2020 exams)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2534/paper-1.html" title="Paper 1">Paper 1</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2871/tips.html" title="Tips">Tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2870/criteria.html" title="Criteria">Criteria</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2873/skills.html" title="Skills">Skills</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9671/8-writing-tips.html" title="8 writing tips">8 writing tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11092/analyzing-tone.html" title="Analyzing tone">Analyzing tone</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10305/applying-cda.html" title="Applying CDA">Applying CDA</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20763/approaching-texts-line-by-line.html" title="Approaching Texts: Line by Line">Approaching Texts: Line by Line</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19972/comparative-textual-analysis-through-fiction-and-non-fiction.html" title="Comparative Textual Analysis Through Fiction and Non-fiction">Comparative Textual Analysis Through Fiction and Non-fiction</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20063/comparative-textual-analysis-working-with-genre.html" title="Comparative Textual Analysis: Working With Genre">Comparative Textual Analysis: Working With Genre</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../7324/compare-contrast.html" title="Compare & contrast">Compare & contrast</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27400/eton-an-activity-in-text-choice.html" title="Eton: An Activity in Text Choice">Eton: An Activity in Text Choice</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3442/exploring-text-types.html" title="Exploring text types">Exploring text types</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../12409/integrating-quotes.html" title="Integrating quotes">Integrating quotes</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22928/rewriting.html" title="Rewriting">Rewriting</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11116/the-big-5.html" title="The Big 5">The Big 5</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2872/p1-sample-work.html" title="P1 Sample work">P1 Sample work</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16136/2013-paper-1-hl-the-imperial-war-museum.html" title="2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Imperial War Museum">2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Imperial War Museum</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16375/2013-paper-1-hl-the-imperial-war-museum-reopened.html" title="2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Imperial War Museum (Reopened)">2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Imperial War Museum (Reopened)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16148/2013-paper-1-hl-the-imperial-war-museum-revisited.html" title="2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Imperial War Museum (Revisited)">2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Imperial War Museum (Revisited)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16155/2013-paper-1-hl-the-reluctant-fundamentalist-versus-robin-cook.html" title="2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Reluctant Fundamentalist versus Robin Cook">2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Reluctant Fundamentalist versus Robin Cook</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19931/2013-paper-1-hl-the-reluctant-fundamentalist-versus-robin-cook-r.html" title="2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Reluctant Fundamentalist Versus Robin Cook Revisted">2013 Paper 1 (HL) The Reluctant Fundamentalist Versus Robin Cook Revisted</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15959/2013-paper-1-sl-crisis-at-christmas.html" title="2013 Paper 1 (SL) Crisis at Christmas">2013 Paper 1 (SL) Crisis at Christmas</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16408/2013-paper-1-sl-more-crisis-at-christmas.html" title="2013 Paper 1 (SL) More Crisis at Christmas">2013 Paper 1 (SL) More Crisis at Christmas</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17112/2014-paper-1-hl-fatherhood.html" title="2014 Paper 1 (HL) Fatherhood">2014 Paper 1 (HL) Fatherhood</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20510/2014-paper-1-hl-fatherhood-part-2.html" title="2014 Paper 1 (HL) Fatherhood (Part 2)">2014 Paper 1 (HL) Fatherhood (Part 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20582/2014-paper-1-hl-fatherhood-part-3-.html" title="2014 Paper 1 (HL) Fatherhood (Part 3) ">2014 Paper 1 (HL) Fatherhood (Part 3) </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18747/2014-paper-1-sl-return-to-the-cagle-post.html" title="2014 Paper 1 (SL) Return to The Cagle Post">2014 Paper 1 (SL) Return to The Cagle Post</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18526/2014-paper-1-sl-the-cagle-post.html" title="2014 Paper 1 (SL) The Cagle Post">2014 Paper 1 (SL) The Cagle Post</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25415/2015-paper-1-hl-surveillance.html" title="2015 Paper 1 (HL) Surveillance">2015 Paper 1 (HL) Surveillance</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22768/2016-paper-1-hl-chevrolet-cars.html" title="2016 Paper 1 (HL) Chevrolet Cars">2016 Paper 1 (HL) Chevrolet Cars</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28291/2016-paper-1-hl-environment.html" title="2016 Paper 1 (HL) Environment">2016 Paper 1 (HL) Environment</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21591/2016-paper-1-hl-income-inequality-.html" title="2016 Paper 1 (HL) Income Inequality ">2016 Paper 1 (HL) Income Inequality </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21677/2016-paper-1-hl-income-inequality-part-2.html" title="2016 Paper 1 (HL) Income Inequality (Part 2)">2016 Paper 1 (HL) Income Inequality (Part 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22281/2016-paper-1-hl-income-inequality-part-3.html" title="2016 Paper 1 (HL) Income Inequality (Part 3)">2016 Paper 1 (HL) Income Inequality (Part 3)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23293/2016-paper-1-sl-aggressiveness-and-readiness-gestures.html" title="2016 Paper 1 (SL) "Aggressiveness and Readiness Gestures"">2016 Paper 1 (SL) "Aggressiveness and Readiness Gestures"</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22731/2016-paper-1-sl-diary-listening-to-the-heart.html" title="2016 Paper 1 (SL) "Diary: Listening to the Heart"">2016 Paper 1 (SL) "Diary: Listening to the Heart"</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24824/2017-paper-1-hl-electronic-texts.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Electronic Texts">2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Electronic Texts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26136/2017-paper-1-hl-electronic-texts-part-2.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Electronic Texts (Part 2)">2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Electronic Texts (Part 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25210/2017-paper-1-hl-wealth-and-happiness.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Wealth and Happiness">2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Wealth and Happiness</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25277/2017-paper-1-hl-wealth-and-happiness-part-2.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Wealth and Happiness (Part 2)">2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Wealth and Happiness (Part 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25379/2017-paper-1-hl-wealth-and-happiness-part-3.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Wealth and Happiness (Part 3)">2017 Paper 1 (HL) - Wealth and Happiness (Part 3)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24784/2017-paper-1-sl-new-scientist.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (SL) "New Scientist"">2017 Paper 1 (SL) "New Scientist"</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26496/2017-paper-1-sl-new-scientist-part-2.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (SL) "New Scientist" (Part 2)">2017 Paper 1 (SL) "New Scientist" (Part 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24969/2017-paper-1-sl-justice-hub.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (SL) Justice Hub">2017 Paper 1 (SL) Justice Hub</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26761/2017-paper-1-sl-justice-hub-part-2.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (SL) Justice Hub (Part 2)">2017 Paper 1 (SL) Justice Hub (Part 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26978/2017-paper-1-sl-justice-hub-part-3.html" title="2017 Paper 1 (SL) Justice Hub (Part 3)">2017 Paper 1 (SL) Justice Hub (Part 3)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26799/2018-paper-1-hl-bees.html" title="2018 Paper 1 (HL) Bees">2018 Paper 1 (HL) Bees</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26692/2018-paper-1-hl-robots.html" title="2018 Paper 1 (HL) Robots">2018 Paper 1 (HL) Robots</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27487/2018-paper-1-sl-sharks.html" title="2018 Paper 1 (SL) Sharks">2018 Paper 1 (SL) Sharks</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27939/2018-paper-1-sl-tasmania.html" title="2018 Paper 1 (SL) Tasmania">2018 Paper 1 (SL) Tasmania</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28379/2018-paper-1-sl-tasmania-part-2.html" title="2018 Paper 1 (SL) Tasmania (Part 2)">2018 Paper 1 (SL) Tasmania (Part 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31523/2019-paper-1-hl-running.html" title="2019 Paper 1 (HL) - Running">2019 Paper 1 (HL) - Running</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31306/2019-paper-1-hl-taxis.html" title="2019 Paper 1 (HL) - Taxis">2019 Paper 1 (HL) - Taxis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../31959/2019-paper-1-sl-smartphones.html" title="2019 Paper 1 (SL) - Smartphones">2019 Paper 1 (SL) - Smartphones</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../32276/2019-paper-1-sl-spending-time-not-money.html" title="2019 Paper 1 (SL) - Spending Time, Not Money">2019 Paper 1 (SL) - Spending Time, Not Money</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10294/p1-hl-s1-birds.html" title="P1 HL S1 (birds)">P1 HL S1 (birds)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9688/p1-hl-s2-chocolate.html" title="P1 HL S2 (chocolate)">P1 HL S2 (chocolate)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9823/p1-hl-s3-baby-girls.html" title="P1 HL S3 (baby girls)">P1 HL S3 (baby girls)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../14086/p1-hl-s4-hybrids.html" title="P1 HL S4 (hybrids)">P1 HL S4 (hybrids)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15127/p1-hl-s5-stress.html" title="P1 HL S5 (stress)">P1 HL S5 (stress)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15316/p1-sl-the-language-of-african-literature.html" title="P1 SL (The Language of African Literature)">P1 SL (The Language of African Literature)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9796/p1-sl-s1-saif-ali-khan.html" title="P1 SL S1 (Saif Ali Khan)">P1 SL S1 (Saif Ali Khan)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11153/p1-sl-s2-poverty.html" title="P1 SL S2 (poverty)">P1 SL S2 (poverty)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../14333/p1-sl-s3-finca.html" title="P1 SL S3 (finca)">P1 SL S3 (finca)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16485/paper-1-hl-visual-texts.html" title="Paper 1 (HL) Visual Texts">Paper 1 (HL) Visual Texts</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16793/paper-1-sl-how-to-attract-women.html" title="Paper 1 (SL) How to Attract Women">Paper 1 (SL) How to Attract Women</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16883/paper-1-sl-the-rings-of-saturn.html" title="Paper 1 (SL) The Rings of Saturn">Paper 1 (SL) The Rings of Saturn</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2535/paper-2.html" title="Paper 2">Paper 2</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2884/tips.html" title="Tips">Tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2874/criteria.html" title="Criteria">Criteria</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2883/skills.html" title="Skills">Skills</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9672/coherent-writing.html" title="Coherent writing">Coherent writing</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11035/outlines.html" title="Outlines">Outlines</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22410/paper-2-writing-effective-introductory-paragraphs.html" title="Paper 2: Writing Effective Introductory Paragraphs">Paper 2: Writing Effective Introductory Paragraphs</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9692/pie-structure.html" title="PIE structure">PIE structure</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24588/the-ib-learner-profile-a-formative-assessment-task.html" title="The IB Learner Profile: A Formative Assessment Task">The IB Learner Profile: A Formative Assessment Task</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11117/unpacking-questions.html" title="Unpacking questions">Unpacking questions</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2882/p2-sample-work.html" title="P2 Sample work">P2 Sample work</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23578/2016-p2-hl-the-bluest-eye-and-ghosts-exemplar-1.html" title="2016 P2 HL (The Bluest Eye and Ghosts - Exemplar 1)">2016 P2 HL (The Bluest Eye and Ghosts - Exemplar 1)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23579/2016-p2-hl-the-bluest-eye-and-ghosts-exemplar-2.html" title="2016 P2 HL (The Bluest Eye and Ghosts - Exemplar 2)">2016 P2 HL (The Bluest Eye and Ghosts - Exemplar 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23580/2016-p2-hl-the-bluest-eye-and-ghosts-exemplar-3.html" title="2016 P2 HL (The Bluest Eye and Ghosts - Exemplar 3)">2016 P2 HL (The Bluest Eye and Ghosts - Exemplar 3)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22467/2016-p2-sl-hedda-gabler-and-master-harold-and-the-boys.html" title="2016 P2 SL (Hedda Gabler and Master Harold and the Boys)">2016 P2 SL (Hedda Gabler and Master Harold and the Boys)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22498/2016-p2-sl-persepolis-and-a-view-from-the-bridge.html" title="2016 P2 SL (Persepolis and A View from the Bridge)">2016 P2 SL (Persepolis and A View from the Bridge)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26166/2017-p2-hl-kitchen-and-king-lear.html" title="2017 P2 HL (Kitchen and King Lear)">2017 P2 HL (Kitchen and King Lear)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26510/2017-p2-hl-never-let-me-go-and-extremely-loud-and-incredibly-clo.html" title="2017 P2 HL (Never Let Me Go and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close">2017 P2 HL (Never Let Me Go and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26324/2017-p2-hl-the-great-gatsby-and-woman-at-point-zero.html" title="2017 P2 HL (The Great Gatsby and Woman at Point Zero)">2017 P2 HL (The Great Gatsby and Woman at Point Zero)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../26080/2017-p2-sl-hedda-gabler-and-death-and-the-maiden-exemplar-2.html" title="2017 P2 SL (Hedda Gabler and Death and the Maiden - Exemplar 2)">2017 P2 SL (Hedda Gabler and Death and the Maiden - Exemplar 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25852/2017-p2-sl-hedda-gabler-and-death-and-the-maiden.html" title="2017 P2 SL (Hedda Gabler and Death and the Maiden)">2017 P2 SL (Hedda Gabler and Death and the Maiden)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28064/2018-p2-hl-the-house-of-bernarda-alba-and-hedda-gabler.html" title="2018 P2 HL (The House of Bernarda Alba and Hedda Gabler)">2018 P2 HL (The House of Bernarda Alba and Hedda Gabler)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18353/competition-time.html" title="Competition Time!">Competition Time!</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18920/p2-sl-the-bride-price-and-one-day-in-the-life.html" title="P2 - SL (The Bride Price and One Day in the Life)">P2 - SL (The Bride Price and One Day in the Life)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16838/p2-hl-1984-the-things-they-carried-one-day-in-the-life.html" title="P2 HL (1984; The Things They Carried; One Day in the Life)">P2 HL (1984; The Things They Carried; One Day in the Life)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21389/p2-hl-city-of-glass-and-perfume.html" title="P2 HL (City of Glass and Perfume)">P2 HL (City of Glass and Perfume)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21232/p2-hl-persepolis-and-this-earth-of-mankind.html" title="P2 HL (Persepolis and This Earth of Mankind)">P2 HL (Persepolis and This Earth of Mankind)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15941/p2-hl-the-bell-jar-and-a-dolls-house.html" title="P2 HL (The Bell Jar and A Doll’s House)">P2 HL (The Bell Jar and A Doll’s House)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15917/p2-hl-the-bell-jar-and-one-flew-over-the-cuckoos-nest.html" title="P2 HL (The Bell Jar and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest)">P2 HL (The Bell Jar and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20709/p2-hl-the-reader-and-the-god-of-small-things-example-1.html" title="P2 HL (The Reader and The God of Small Things - Example 1)">P2 HL (The Reader and The God of Small Things - Example 1)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20794/p2-hl-the-reader-and-the-god-of-small-things-example-2.html" title="P2 HL (The Reader and The God of Small Things - Example 2)">P2 HL (The Reader and The God of Small Things - Example 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20471/p2-hl-things-fall-apart-death-of-a-salesman-a-dolls-house.html" title="P2 HL (Things Fall Apart, Death of a Salesman, A Doll's House)">P2 HL (Things Fall Apart, Death of a Salesman, A Doll's House)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8367/p2-hl-s1-disgrace.html" title="P2 HL S1 (Disgrace)">P2 HL S1 (Disgrace)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17158/p2-sl-the-kite-runner-and-a-hero-of-our-time.html" title="P2 SL (The Kite Runner and A Hero of Our Time)">P2 SL (The Kite Runner and A Hero of Our Time)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11094/p2-sl-s1-fielas-child.html" title="P2 SL S1 (Fiela's Child)">P2 SL S1 (Fiela's Child)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../13825/p2-sl-s2-persepolis.html" title="P2 SL S2 (Persepolis)">P2 SL S2 (Persepolis)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20868/paper-2-hl-the-reader-and-the-god-of-small-things-example-3.html" title="Paper 2 HL (The Reader and The God of Small Things - Example 3)">Paper 2 HL (The Reader and The God of Small Things - Example 3)</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2536/written-tasks.html" title="Written tasks">Written tasks</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2888/criteria.html" title="Criteria">Criteria</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2886/wt1-tips.html" title="WT1 Tips">WT1 Tips</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2889/wt1-skills.html" title="WT1 skills">WT1 skills</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11136/exploring-text-types.html" title="Exploring text types">Exploring text types</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15525/writing-rationales-for-written-tasks.html" title="Writing Rationales for Written Tasks">Writing Rationales for Written Tasks</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../25762/writing-for-a-reader-a-rewriting-activity.html" title="Writing for a Reader: A Rewriting Activity">Writing for a Reader: A Rewriting Activity</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10162/writing-proposals.html" title="Writing proposals">Writing proposals</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10160/writing-rationales.html" title="Writing rationales">Writing rationales</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2885/wt1-samples.html" title="WT1 Samples">WT1 Samples</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21911/from-ib-learner-profile-to-written-task.html" title="From IB Learner Profile to Written Task">From IB Learner Profile to Written Task</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../28422/wt-sl-the-crucible.html" title="WT (SL) The Crucible">WT (SL) The Crucible</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23971/wt-1-hl-salome.html" title="WT 1 HL (Salome)">WT 1 HL (Salome)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23397/wt-1-from-idea-to-text-the-kite-runner.html" title="WT 1: From Idea to Text (The Kite Runner)">WT 1: From Idea to Text (The Kite Runner)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17383/wt-sl-back-in-the-bell-jar.html" title="WT SL (Back in the Bell Jar)">WT SL (Back in the Bell Jar)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15854/wt-sl-digging.html" title="WT SL (Digging)">WT SL (Digging)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../24143/wt-sl-gendered-advertising.html" title="WT SL (Gendered Advertising)">WT SL (Gendered Advertising)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16109/wt-sl-hinglish.html" title="WT SL (Hinglish)">WT SL (Hinglish)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22572/wt-sl-nineteen-eighty-four.html" title="WT SL (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">WT SL (Nineteen Eighty-Four)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15508/wt-sl-s1-the-bell-jar.html" title="WT SL S1 (The Bell Jar)">WT SL S1 (The Bell Jar)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9443/wt1-hl-s1-mandela.html" title="WT1 HL S1 (Mandela)">WT1 HL S1 (Mandela)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../8699/wt1-hl-s2-collector.html" title="WT1 HL S2 (Collector)">WT1 HL S2 (Collector)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19543/wt1-hl-s3-things-fall-apart.html" title="WT1 HL S3 (Things Fall Apart)">WT1 HL S3 (Things Fall Apart)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19790/wt1-hl-s4-gender-stereotyping.html" title="WT1 HL S4 (Gender Stereotyping)">WT1 HL S4 (Gender Stereotyping)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22065/wt1-hl-s5-one-day-in-the-life-of-ivan-denisovich.html" title="WT1 HL S5 (One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich)">WT1 HL S5 (One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22902/wt1-hl-s6-the-black-cat.html" title="WT1 HL S6 (The Black Cat)">WT1 HL S6 (The Black Cat)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20192/wt1-sl-language-and-identity.html" title="WT1 SL (Language and Identity)">WT1 SL (Language and Identity)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20124/wt1-sl-reviving-gaelic.html" title="WT1 SL (Reviving Gaelic)">WT1 SL (Reviving Gaelic)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2892/wt1-sl-s1-2pac.html" title="WT1 SL S1 (2pac)">WT1 SL S1 (2pac)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9300/wt1-sl-s2-internet.html" title="WT1 SL S2 (Internet)">WT1 SL S2 (Internet)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10221/wt1-sl-s3-ck.html" title="WT1 SL S3 (CK)">WT1 SL S3 (CK)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19378/wt1-sl-s4-annie-dillard-.html" title="WT1 SL S4 (Annie Dillard) ">WT1 SL S4 (Annie Dillard) </a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11255/wt2-tips.html" title="WT2 Tips">WT2 Tips</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../12916/wt2-skills.html" title="WT2 Skills">WT2 Skills</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../13755/quote-hunting.html" title="Quote hunting">Quote hunting</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15021/secondary-sources.html" title="Secondary sources">Secondary sources</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../13598/thesis-statements.html" title="Thesis statements">Thesis statements</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16195/written-tasks-a-students-guide-to-getting-it-right.html" title="Written Tasks: A Student's Guide to Getting it Right">Written Tasks: A Student's Guide to Getting it Right</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15622/written-tasks-from-first-to-final-draft-the-magic-toyshop.html" title="Written Tasks: From First to Final Draft (The Magic Toyshop)">Written Tasks: From First to Final Draft (The Magic Toyshop)</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10161/wt2-questions-samples.html" title="WT2 Questions & samples">WT2 Questions & samples</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23595/wt2-q1-master-harold-and-the-boys.html" title="WT2 Q1 ("Master Harold" and the Boys)">WT2 Q1 ("Master Harold" and the Boys)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11104/wt2-q1-pieta.html" title="WT2 Q1 (Pieta)">WT2 Q1 (Pieta)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19281/wt2-q2-a-streetcar-named-desire.html" title="WT2 Q2 (A Streetcar Named Desire)">WT2 Q2 (A Streetcar Named Desire)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11049/wt2-q2-pygmalion.html" title="WT2 Q2 (Pygmalion)">WT2 Q2 (Pygmalion)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16956/wt2-q3-a-streetcar-named-desire.html" title="WT2 Q3 (A Streetcar Named Desire)">WT2 Q3 (A Streetcar Named Desire)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11979/wt2-q3-starkey.html" title="WT2 Q3 (Starkey)">WT2 Q3 (Starkey)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19663/wt2-q3-womens-health.html" title="WT2 Q3 (Women's Health)">WT2 Q3 (Women's Health)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../14009/wt2-q4-clockwork.html" title="WT2 Q4 (Clockwork)">WT2 Q4 (Clockwork)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../13783/wt2-q4-persepolis.html" title="WT2 Q4 (Persepolis)">WT2 Q4 (Persepolis)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11636/wt2-q5-aclu.html" title="WT2 Q5 (ACLU)">WT2 Q5 (ACLU)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17732/wt2-q6-little-red-cap-1.html" title="WT2 Q6 (Little Red Cap - 1)">WT2 Q6 (Little Red Cap - 1)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../22299/wt2-q6-little-red-cap-2.html" title="WT2 Q6 (Little Red Cap - 2)">WT2 Q6 (Little Red Cap - 2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11076/wt2-q6-pretty-woman.html" title="WT2 Q6 (Pretty Woman)">WT2 Q6 (Pretty Woman)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15602/wt2-q6-the-magic-toyshop.html" title="WT2 Q6 (The Magic Toyshop)">WT2 Q6 (The Magic Toyshop)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9167/wt2-q6-vote-different.html" title="WT2 Q6 (Vote Different)">WT2 Q6 (Vote Different)</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2537/individual-oral-commentary.html" title="Individual oral commentary">Individual oral commentary</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2891/tips.html" title="Tips">Tips</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../19075/using-technology-to-support-student-learning.html" title="Using Technology to Support Student Learning">Using Technology to Support Student Learning</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10033/criteria.html" title="Criteria">Criteria</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11211/skills.html" title="Skills">Skills</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10956/guiding-questions.html" title="Guiding questions">Guiding questions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16812/the-ioc-a-students-guide-to-preparing-and-presenting.html" title="The IOC: A Student's Guide to Preparing and Presenting">The IOC: A Student's Guide to Preparing and Presenting</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3121/ioc-sample-work.html" title="IOC Sample work">IOC Sample work</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21291/individual-oral-commentary-hl-death-of-a-naturalist.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (HL) Death of a Naturalist">Individual Oral Commentary (HL) Death of a Naturalist</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16864/individual-oral-commentary-hl-the-remains-of-the-day.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (HL) The Remains of the Day">Individual Oral Commentary (HL) The Remains of the Day</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16541/individual-oral-commentary-sl-shooting-an-elephant.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (SL) Shooting an Elephant">Individual Oral Commentary (SL) Shooting an Elephant</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16578/individual-oral-commentary-sl-shooting-an-elephant-2.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (SL) Shooting an Elephant (2)">Individual Oral Commentary (SL) Shooting an Elephant (2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16349/individual-oral-commentary-sl-the-great-gatsby.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Great Gatsby">Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Great Gatsby</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21018/individual-oral-commentary-sl-the-great-gatsby-2.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Great Gatsby (2)">Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Great Gatsby (2)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../21260/individual-oral-commentary-sl-the-great-gatsby-3.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Great Gatsby (3)">Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Great Gatsby (3)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17762/individual-oral-commentary-sl-the-remains-of-the-day-2.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Remains of the Day 2">Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Remains of the Day 2</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17770/individual-oral-commentary-sl-the-remains-of-the-day-3.html" title="Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Remains of the Day 3">Individual Oral Commentary (SL) The Remains of the Day 3</a></li></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2538/further-oral-activity.html" title="Further oral activity">Further oral activity</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2896/tips.html" title="Tips">Tips</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2894/criteria.html" title="Criteria">Criteria</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../12174/skills.html" title="Skills">Skills</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../12503/form-and-content.html" title="Form and content">Form and content</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../12175/proposing-and-reflecting.html" title="Proposing and reflecting">Proposing and reflecting</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3122/foa-samples.html" title="FOA Samples">FOA Samples</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18550/are-you-a-berliner-an-audio-foa-sample.html" title="Are You a Berliner? An Audio FOA Sample">Are You a Berliner? An Audio FOA Sample</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18770/duty-honor-country-a-further-oral-activity-sample.html" title="Duty, Honor, Country - A Further Oral Activity Sample">Duty, Honor, Country - A Further Oral Activity Sample</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20432/gender-inequality-in-technology-a-further-oral-activity-role-pla.html" title="Gender Inequality in Technology - A Further Oral Activity Role-Play Script">Gender Inequality in Technology - A Further Oral Activity Role-Play Script</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18619/head-injuries-retirement-a-further-oral-activity-script.html" title="Head Injuries = Retirement (A Further Oral Activity Script)">Head Injuries = Retirement (A Further Oral Activity Script)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18689/language-on-trial-a-further-oral-activity-script.html" title="Language on Trial--A Further Oral Activity Script">Language on Trial--A Further Oral Activity Script</a></li></ul></ul></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 14px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2527/resources-2020-exams.html" title="Resources (2020 exams)">Resources (2020 exams)</a></li><ul class="level-2 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16748/assessment-and-feedback-forms.html" title="Assessment and Feedback Forms">Assessment and Feedback Forms</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="std-disabled" href="#" title="Comparative Commentaries to Go">Comparative Commentaries to Go</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23080/comparative-commentaries-to-go-at-the-hofbrauhaus.html" title="Comparative Commentaries to Go: At the Hofbräuhaus">Comparative Commentaries to Go: At the Hofbräuhaus</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17764/comparative-commentaries-to-go-homophobia.html" title="Comparative Commentaries to Go: Homophobia">Comparative Commentaries to Go: Homophobia</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20557/comparative-commentaries-to-go-in-mourning.html" title="Comparative Commentaries to Go: In Mourning">Comparative Commentaries to Go: In Mourning</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../20764/comparative-commentaries-to-go-rebellion.html" title="Comparative Commentaries to Go: Rebellion">Comparative Commentaries to Go: Rebellion</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2897/glossary.html" title="Glossary">Glossary</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3008/accent.html" title="Accent">Accent</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17274/actual-reader.html" title="Actual reader">Actual reader</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17275/actual-writer.html" title="Actual writer">Actual writer</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17271/adjective.html" title="Adjective">Adjective</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9822/alliteration.html" title="Alliteration">Alliteration</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11835/allusion.html" title="Allusion">Allusion</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9782/analogy.html" title="Analogy">Analogy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17273/anaphora.html" title="Anaphora">Anaphora</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11262/anti-advertising.html" title="Anti-advertising">Anti-advertising</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17281/antithesis.html" title="Antithesis">Antithesis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9790/appeal-to-authority.html" title="Appeal to authority">Appeal to authority</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9785/appeal-to-fear.html" title="Appeal to fear">Appeal to fear</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17282/audience.html" title="Audience">Audience</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9791/bandwagon-effect.html" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../7387/bias.html" title="Bias">Bias</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18173/cacophony.html" title="Cacophony">Cacophony</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18174/caesura.html" title="Caesura">Caesura</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18175/characterisation.html" title="Characterisation">Characterisation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17327/clause.html" title="Clause">Clause</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18176/cliche-cliche.html" title="Cliché (cliche)">Cliché (cliche)</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9691/coherence.html" title="Coherence">Coherence</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18177/colloquialism.html" title="Colloquialism">Colloquialism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17323/complex-sentence.html" title="Complex sentence">Complex sentence</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17324/compound-sentence.html" title="Compound sentence">Compound sentence</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11263/conflict-in-advertising.html" title="Conflict in advertising">Conflict in advertising</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17325/conjunctions.html" title="Conjunctions">Conjunctions</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11269/connotation.html" title="Connotation">Connotation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17328/context-of-production.html" title="Context of production">Context of production</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17329/context-of-reception.html" title="Context of reception">Context of reception</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17330/core-vocabulary.html" title="Core vocabulary">Core vocabulary</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18218/couplet.html" title="Couplet">Couplet</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9225/crowdsourcing.html" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16262/deictic.html" title="Deictic">Deictic</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16264/denotation.html" title="Denotation">Denotation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18219/denouement.html" title="Denouement">Denouement</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3009/dialect.html" title="Dialect">Dialect</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18220/diatribe.html" title="Diatribe">Diatribe</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3282/direct-narration.html" title="Direct narration">Direct narration</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3285/direct-speech.html" title="Direct speech">Direct speech</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18221/dramatic-irony.html" title="Dramatic Irony">Dramatic Irony</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16265/ellipsis.html" title="Ellipsis">Ellipsis</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18222/end-stopped-line.html" title="End-stopped line">End-stopped line</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18277/enjambement.html" title="Enjambement">Enjambement</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18278/eponymous.html" title="Eponymous">Eponymous</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9788/equivocation.html" title="Equivocation">Equivocation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2974/ethos.html" title="Ethos">Ethos</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11331/euphemism.html" title="Euphemism">Euphemism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3315/first-person-point-of-view.html" title="First-person point-of-view">First-person point-of-view</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3014/formalism.html" title="Formalism">Formalism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3286/free-indirect-speech.html" title="Free indirect speech">Free indirect speech</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18279/free-verse.html" title="Free verse">Free verse</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16266/function.html" title="Function">Function</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2984/gatekeeper.html" title="Gatekeeper">Gatekeeper</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9784/generalizations.html" title="Generalizations">Generalizations</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18281/genre.html" title="Genre">Genre</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16267/graphology.html" title="Graphology">Graphology</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18280/haiku.html" title="Haiku">Haiku</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18282/hyperbole.html" title="Hyperbole">Hyperbole</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3128/idiolect.html" title="Idiolect">Idiolect</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11802/imagery.html" title="Imagery">Imagery</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3283/indirect-narration.html" title="Indirect narration">Indirect narration</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16268/intertextuality.html" title="Intertextuality">Intertextuality</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9826/irony.html" title="Irony">Irony</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../18283/jargon.html" title="Jargon">Jargon</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9576/juxtaposition.html" title="Juxtaposition">Juxtaposition</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3010/language.html" title="Language">Language</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2976/logos.html" title="Logos">Logos</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9223/long-tail-marketing.html" title="Long tail marketing">Long tail marketing</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11052/mash-up.html" title="Mash up">Mash up</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9577/metaphor.html" title="Metaphor">Metaphor</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9636/metonymy.html" title="Metonymy">Metonymy</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15293/modality.html" title="Modality">Modality</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15368/multivocal.html" title="Multivocal">Multivocal</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../7388/newsworthiness.html" title="Newsworthiness">Newsworthiness</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16273/nominalisation.html" title="Nominalisation">Nominalisation</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9226/notifications.html" title="Notifications">Notifications</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16271/noun-phrase.html" title="Noun Phrase">Noun Phrase</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9690/onomatopoeia.html" title="Onomatopoeia">Onomatopoeia</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16270/paralanguage.html" title="Paralanguage">Paralanguage</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2975/pathos.html" title="Pathos">Pathos</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9229/pay-per-click.html" title="Pay-per-click">Pay-per-click</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9228/personalization.html" title="Personalization">Personalization</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11260/personification.html" title="Personification">Personification</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16269/phonlogical.html" title="Phonlogical">Phonlogical</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10127/pla.html" title="PLA">PLA</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2819/plt.html" title="PLT">PLT</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11265/problem-solution-technique.html" title="Problem / solution technique">Problem / solution technique</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16261/pun.html" title="Pun">Pun</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3284/reported-speech.html" title="Reported speech">Reported speech</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9579/second-person-point-of-view.html" title="Second-person point-of-view">Second-person point-of-view</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16272/semantic-field.html" title="Semantic Field">Semantic Field</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../7386/sensationalism.html" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2992/setting.html" title="Setting">Setting</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11261/shock-advertising.html" title="Shock advertising">Shock advertising</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9634/simile.html" title="Simile">Simile</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3086/slang.html" title="Slang">Slang</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9787/slogan.html" title="Slogan">Slogan</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9227/social-networking.html" title="Social networking">Social networking</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16263/stereotyping.html" title="Stereotyping">Stereotyping</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9230/super-crunching.html" title="Super crunching">Super crunching</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9637/synecdoche.html" title="Synecdoche">Synecdoche</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../11264/testimonial.html" title="Testimonial">Testimonial</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../3125/textuality.html" title="Textuality">Textuality</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9783/use-of-celebrities.html" title="Use of celebrities">Use of celebrities</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9224/viral.html" title="Viral">Viral</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17071/grading-criteria-on-one-page.html" title="Grading Criteria on One Page">Grading Criteria on One Page</a></li><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2899/secondary-sources.html" title="Secondary sources">Secondary sources</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17667/essays-of-interest.html" title="Essays of Interest">Essays of Interest</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17976/if-black-english-isnt-a-language-then-tell-me-what-is-.html" title="If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is? ">If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is? </a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../17668/should-literature-be-considered-useful.html" title="Should Literature be Considered Useful?">Should Literature be Considered Useful?</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27175/links-for-enquiring-minds.html" title="Links for Enquiring Minds">Links for Enquiring Minds</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../27657/links-for-enquiring-minds-november-2018.html" title="Links for Enquiring Minds - November 2018">Links for Enquiring Minds - November 2018</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15642/reviews.html" title="Reviews">Reviews</a></li><ul class="level-4 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16178/language-in-the-news.html" title="Language in the News">Language in the News</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../16161/mother-tongue.html" title="Mother Tongue">Mother Tongue</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23486/post-truth-the-new-war-on-truth-and-how-to-fight-back.html" title="Post-Truth: The New War on Truth and How to Fight Back">Post-Truth: The New War on Truth and How to Fight Back</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15982/teaching-textual-analysis-with-textbooks.html" title="Teaching Textual Analysis with Textbooks">Teaching Textual Analysis with Textbooks</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../23793/texts-to-teach.html" title="Texts to Teach">Texts to Teach</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15575/the-adventure-of-english.html" title="The Adventure of English">The Adventure of English</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 56px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15643/writing-black-britain.html" title="Writing Black Britain">Writing Black Britain</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2901/websites.html" title="Websites">Websites</a></li></ul><li class=" parent" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10126/text-types.html" title="Text types">Text types</a></li><ul class="level-3 "><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../14953/blog.html" title="Blog">Blog</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../13891/graphic-novel.html" title="Graphic novel">Graphic novel</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../15176/letter-to-the-editor.html" title="Letter to the editor">Letter to the editor</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10963/memoir.html" title="Memoir">Memoir</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../10263/opinion-column.html" title="Opinion column">Opinion column</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2985/short-story.html" title="Short story">Short story</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2967/speech.html" title="Speech">Speech</a></li><li class="" style="padding-left: 42px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../2955/tabloid.html" title="Tabloid">Tabloid</a></li></ul><li class="" style="padding-left: 28px"><i class="expander fa fa-caret-right "></i><a class="" href="../9293/tool-kit.html" title="Tool kit">Tool kit</a></li></ul></ul></ul></nav> </div> </div> </div> </div><div style="margin-top: 20px;"><style type="text/css">
.studyib-link {
display: inline-block;
overflow: hidden;
font-size: 1.2em;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 10px;
transition: transform .2s; /* Animation */
}
#left-column .studyib-link {
font-size: 1em;
font-weight: normal;
margin: 5px;
transition: transform .2s; /* Animation */
}
#left-column .studyib-advert h2 {
font-size: 1.35em;
}
.studyib-link:hover {
transform: scale(1.2);
}
.studyib-link > img {
width: 2em; height: 2em;
margin: 0;
float: left;
}
.embed-responsive {
position: relative;
display: block;
height: 0;
padding: 0;
margin: 15px 0;
}
.embed-responsive-16by9 {
padding-bottom: 56.25%;
}
.embed-responsive iframe {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
border: 0;
}
.studyib-advert {
padding: 20px;
background: #E7EDF5;
border: solid 1px #EFF;
/* margin-left: 70px; */
}
.studyib-advert .heading {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
align-items: center;
}
.studyib-advert .heading img {
margin-right: 15px;
}
.studyib-advert .heading span {
color: #444
}
.studyib-advert h2,
.studyib-advert h3 {
margin: 0;
}
.studyib-advert .body {
margin-top: 20px;
}
</style>
<div class="studyib-advert">
<div class="heading">
<img src="../../../thinkib/header-thinker-sib.svg" height="50" width="50" class="pull-left" alt="InThinking Revision Sites">
<div>
<h2>INTHINKING REVISION SITES</h2>
<span><em>Own your learning</em></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>Why not also try our independent learning self-study & revision websites for students?</p>
<p>We currenly offer the following DP Sites: Biology, Chemistry, English A Lang & Lit, Maths A&A, Maths A&I, Physics, Spanish B</p>
<p>
<em>"The site is great for revising the basic understandings of each topic quickly.
Especially since you are able to test yourself at the end of each page and easily see where yo need to improve."</em>
</p>
<p><em>"It is life saving... I am passing IB because of this site!"</em></p>
<p>Basic (limited access) subscriptions are FREE. Check them out at:</p>
<div class="text-center">
<h3>
<a href="//studyib.net">www.StudyIB.net</a>
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div><!-- /#left-column-->
<div id="main-column" class="span9"> <article id="what-is-this-thing-called-literature" style="margin-top: 16px;">
<h1 class="section-title">What is this thing called literature?</h1>
<ul class="breadcrumb"><li><a title="Home" href="../../../englishalanglit.html"><i class="fa fa-home"></i></a><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">The old course </span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Part 3 (2020 exams)</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="gray">Key concepts</span><span class="divider">/</span></li><li><span class="active">What is this thing called literature?</span></li></ul>
<div class="row-fluid">
<section class="span12" id="main-content">
<p><img alt="" class="right" height="133" src="../../../ib/englishalanglit/images/what.jpg" width="200">The following scheme of work asks students to critically consider what literature is or, put otherwise, what constitutes literature. Since the course of study is called Language and Literature, there is at least a suggestion that literature is something with distinctive characteristics. The following activities set in opposition, broadly expressed, two theoretical positions: (i) an ‘inherency approach’, suggesting that artistic merit is intrinsic in literary texts, and (ii) a sociocultural approach which challenges the first position, suggesting that literary merit is ideologically derived by powerful groups in societies in particular historical periods. The first position is often associated with ‘Formalists’, such as Roman Jakobson, and the second position, here, relates to the critical position of (Marxist) thinkers, such as Terry Eagleton.</p>
<p>Teachers reading this may already be getting a little nervous! Isn’t this rather advanced? Potentially, it is. However, there is no real need to introduce literary theory and its history <em>per se</em>. Teachers may want to introduce notions such as the canon and canonicity, but equally they do not have to. Rather, through the following activities, students should begin to consider why literature is regarded as a special form of language art. This critical engagement and reflection is worth pursuing.</p>
<h2>What Makes English into Art?</h2>
<p>In this initial activity, students are asked to consider which texts from a list of ten different texts are best regarded as ‘everyday language’, ‘language art’ and/or ‘literature’. A resulting class discussion should trigger preliminary debate and reveal students’ preconceptions.</p>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p><a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/What%20makes%20English%20into%20Art_.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> What Makes English into Art?</a></p>
<div class="tib-hiddenbox">What Makes English into Art?
<p>Look at the list below. Which might you describe as creative ‘language art’? In what ways are they creative? Which would you identify as literature? What criteria are you using?</p>
<ol>
<li>Shakespeare’s <em>Hamlet</em></li>
<li>A poem written in dialect</li>
<li>Fan fiction, derived from the TV show <em>Glee</em></li>
<li>A list of immigration laws</li>
<li>The song, ‘Imagine’ by The John Lennon</li>
<li>An anonymous traditional ballad</li>
<li>A label on a bottle of wine</li>
<li>Wole Soyinka’s <em>Ake </em>(20<sup>th</sup> century Nigerian dramatist’s autobiography)</li>
<li>An improvised 21<sup>st</sup> century theatre piece</li>
<li>A conversation with your teacher about football</li>
</ol>
<p>Discuss your choices and explain them.</p>
<p>Is there a difference between ‘everyday language’, ‘language art’, and ‘literature’? Discuss what you think these differences are.</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>The Inherency Approach: Organized Violence Committed on Everyday Speech </h2>
<p>This activity follows from the first. Students are introduced to the ‘inherency approach’. They consider two poems, ‘The Tyger’ by William Blake, and ‘love is more thicker than forget’ by e e cummings. Poems, of course, are a particular kind of literary text where, through the formal organization of words on the page, language draws attention to itself to move or stimulate the reader. As a teacher, try to draw students to appreciate the parallelism in ‘The Tyger’; that is, the repetition of pattern, and the deviation in ‘love is more thicker than forget’; that is the ways in which the conventions of language are frequently broken.</p>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p><a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Organized%20violence.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Organized Violence Committed on Everyday Speech</a></p>
<div class="tib-hiddenbox">Organized Violence Committed on Everyday Speech
<p>What makes a text literary? Why are some texts – say the kind you read on your IB Language and Literature course – regarded as high-quality literature, and other texts dismissed as having little lasting merit?</p>
<p>There are no easy answers to these questions. However, according to one view, a text becomes literary when the language of the text ‘draws attention to itself’. In this view, language is foregrounded for its own sake. Thus, a literary text will use language in innovative and imaginative ways through, for example, the manipulation of words, phrases, sounds, and structure. This creative use of language leads, apparently, to ‘defamiliarization’; that is, heightening a reader’s awareness of the world through a process of making the familiar strange. One commentator, Roman Jakobson, adopting this thinking, said that literature is ‘organized violence committed on everyday speech’.</p>
<p>Look at the following two poems. Comment on how the language of each poem draws attention to itself through either ‘parallelism’; that is, patterns of repetition, or ‘deviation’; that is the breaking of conventional linguistic rules. Does the creative use of language, in each instance, stimulate you to consider certain ideas in new ways?</p>
<p>‘The Tyger’ by William Blake</p>
<p>Tyger Tyger, burning bright, </p>
<p>In the forests of the night; </p>
<p>What immortal hand or eye, </p>
<p>Could frame thy fearful symmetry?</p>
<p>In what distant deeps or skies. </p>
<p>Burnt the fire of thine eyes?</p>
<p>On what wings dare he aspire?</p>
<p>What the hand, dare seize the fire?</p>
<p>And what shoulder, & what art,</p>
<p>Could twist the sinews of thy heart?</p>
<p>And when thy heart began to beat,</p>
<p>What dread hand? & what dread feet?</p>
<p>What the hammer? what the chain, </p>
<p>In what furnace was thy brain?</p>
<p>What the anvil? what dread grasp, </p>
<p>Dare its deadly terrors clasp! </p>
<p>When the stars threw down their spears </p>
<p>And water'd heaven with their tears: </p>
<p>Did he smile his work to see?</p>
<p>Did he who made the Lamb make thee?</p>
<p>Tyger Tyger burning bright, </p>
<p>In the forests of the night: </p>
<p>What immortal hand or eye,</p>
<p>Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?</p>
<p>‘love is more thicker than forget’ by e e cummings</p>
<p>love is more thicker than forget</p>
<p>more thinner than recall</p>
<p>more seldom than a wave is set</p>
<p>more frequent than to fail</p>
<p>it is most mad and moonly</p>
<p>and less it shall unbe</p>
<p>than all the see which only</p>
<p>is deeper than the see</p>
<p>love is less always than to win</p>
<p>less never than alive</p>
<p>less bigger than the least begin</p>
<p>less littler than forgive</p>
<p>it is most sane and sunly</p>
<p>and more it cannot die</p>
<p>than all the sky which only</p>
<p>is higher than the sky</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Challenging the Inherency Approach</h2>
<p>The next activity represents the first ‘challenge’ to the ‘inherency approach’. Two canonical poems, ‘This is Just to Say’ and ‘Sonnet 18’, are juxtaposed with two poems written by the Scottish writer and poet, Tom Leonard. Leonard’s poems work as ‘responses’ to the poetry of William Carlos Williams and William Shakespeare. Leonard borrows from Williams and Shakespeare. Notice, however, the way in which Leonard’s language is ‘non-standard’, sometimes hesitant, and reminiscent of spoken language. Is it the case, then, that Leonard is challenging the status of (so-called) poetic language?</p>
<p>Should teachers wish to extend the discussion, they may ask students to compare the poetry of Hart Seely, and the spoken language of Donald Rumsfeld from which Seely’s poem, ‘The Unknown’ derives (<em>sic</em>!). There is also the opportunity to look at some examples of punning in both the drama of Shakespeare and spoken discourse taken from a language corpus (database). These readings can be used to probe the often privileged status of written language in contrast to spoken language.</p>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p><a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Comparing%20Poems%201.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Comparing Poems: 1</a></p>
<div class="tib-hiddenbox">Comparing Poems: 1
<p>Read the following two poems, ‘This is Just to Say’ by William Carlos Williams and ‘Sonnet 18’ by William Shakespeare. It was said of Williams that ‘he is a magically observant’ poet [who] reproduces the details of what he sees with surprising freshness’. Shakespeare needs no introduction; he is frequently regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. In these poems, how do the poets foreground language and challenge readers to see things in a new light?</p>
<p>‘This is Just to Say’</p>
<p>I have eaten</p>
<p>the plums</p>
<p>that were in</p>
<p>the icebox</p>
<p>and which</p>
<p>you were probably</p>
<p>saving</p>
<p>for breakfast</p>
<p>Forgive me</p>
<p>they were delicious</p>
<p>so sweet</p>
<p>and so cold</p>
<p>‘Sonnet 18’</p>
<p>Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?</p>
<p>Thou art more lovely and more temperate:</p>
<p>Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,</p>
<p>And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:</p>
<p>Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,</p>
<p>And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;</p>
<p>And every fair from fair sometimes declines,</p>
<p>By chance or nature’s changing course</p>
<p>untrimm’d;</p>
<p>But thy eternal summer shall not fade</p>
<p>Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;</p>
<p>Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his</p>
<p>shade,</p>
<p>When in eternal lines to time thou growest;</p>
<p>So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,</p>
<p>So long lives this and this gives life to thee.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p><a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Comparing%20Poems%202.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Comparing Poems: 2</a></p>
<div class="tib-hiddenbox">Comparing Poems: 2
<p>Read, now, the following two poems, ‘Jist ti Let Yi No’ and ‘A Summer’s Day’, written by the Scottish poet and writer, Tom Leonard. Leonard is from Glasgow, and his poems are intended to be read in the dialect of that city. For an ‘outsider’, this may make them challenging. As you read Leonard’s poetry, consider how they respond to the poems you read previously by William Carlos Williams and William Shakespeare. Do you think that Leonard’s poems make some kind of social and political statement? If so, how? Do you think that Leonard’s poems also have a ‘defamiliarizing’ effect?</p>
<p>‘Jist ti Let Yi No’</p>
<p>(from the American of Carlos Williams)</p>
<p>ahv drank</p>
<p>thi speshlz</p>
<p>that wurrin</p>
<p>the frij</p>
<p>n thit</p>
<p>‘yiwurr probli</p>
<p>hodn back</p>
<p>furthi pahrti</p>
<p>awright</p>
<p>they wur great</p>
<p>thaht stroang</p>
<p>thaht cawld</p>
<p>‘A Summer’s Day’</p>
<p>yir eyes ur</p>
<p>eh</p>
<p>a mean yir</p>
<p>pirrit this wey</p>
<p>ah a thingk yir</p>
<p>byewtifl like ehm</p>
<p>fact</p>
<p>fact a thingk yir</p>
<p>ach a luvyi thahts</p>
<p>thahts</p>
<p>jist thi wey it iz like</p>
<p>that’s ehm</p>
<p>aw ther iz ti say</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p><a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/The%20Unknown%201.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> The Unknown: 1</a></p>
<div class="tib-hiddenbox">The Unknown: 1
<p>Read the following poem, ‘The Unknown’, written by Hart Seely in 2003. How does this poem foreground language, and how does this challenge the reader to contemplate things from a new and fresh perspective?</p>
<p>‘The Unknown’</p>
<p>As we know,</p>
<p>There are known knowns.</p>
<p>There are things we know we</p>
<p>know.</p>
<p>We also know</p>
<p>There are known unknowns.</p>
<p>That is to say</p>
<p>We know there are some things</p>
<p>We do not know.</p>
<p>But there are also unknown</p>
<p>unknowns,</p>
<p>The ones we don’t know</p>
<p>We don’t know.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p><a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/The%20Unknown%202.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> The Unknown: 2</a></p>
<div class="tib-hiddenbox">The Unknown: 2
<p>Now, read the following transcript of a news briefing from 2002 between a group of journalists and the then US Secretary of Defense, Donald H. Rumsfeld. The news briefing inspired Hart Seely to write the poem ‘The Unknown’ that you have just read. Does reading the transcript, below, change your view of the poem? Why, conventionally, do we regard Seely’s poem as ‘literature’, but would probably not regard the transcript in the same way?</p>
<p><u>Question: </u>In regard to Iraq weapons of mass destruction and terrorists, is there any evidence to indicate that Iraq has attempted to or is willing to supply terrorists with weapons of mass destruction? Because there are reports that there is no evidence of a link between Baghdad and some of these terrorist organizations.</p>
<p><u>Rumsfeld: </u>Reports that say that something hasn’t happened are always interesting to me, because as we now, there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; there are things we know we don’t know. But there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don’t know. And if one looks throughout the history of our country and other free countries, it is the latter category that tend to be the difficult ones.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p><a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/Punning.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> Punning: An Example of Literary Language?</a></p>
<div class="tib-hiddenbox">Punning: An Example of Literary Language?
<p>Punning can be regarded as a form of linguistic word play. Whilst punning can take a range of forms, it normally occurs when two different sets of ideas are expressed through one series of words. Whilst punning is often a source of comedy, Samuel Johnson regarded it as ‘the lowest form of humour’. Shakespeare used punning in his plays – not always to achieve humorous effect – and some estimates suggest that you can find over 3000 puns in Shakespeare’s writing for theatre. Here are two puns, both taken from <em>Romeo and Juliet</em>; how does each pun work?</p>
<p><em>No, ‘tis not so deep as a well, nor so wide as a church-door, but ‘tis enough, ‘twill serve: ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find a grave man.</em></p>
<p><em>Give me a torch: I am not for this ambling; Being but heavy I will bear the light.</em></p>
<p>Now, let’s consider some puns which are found in CANCODE. CANCODE stands for Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English and is a multi-million word corpus (that is, database) of spoken English:</p>
<p><em>Example 1: Members of a family in Cardiff, Wales, are preparing food for a party in 1993.</em></p>
<p><em>A: Now I think you’d better start the rice</em></p>
<p><em>B: Yeah… what you got there </em></p>
<p><em>[4 seconds]</em></p>
<p><em>A: Will it all fit in the one</em></p>
<p><em>B: No you’ll have to do two separate ones</em></p>
<p><em>C: Right… what next</em></p>
<p><em>[17 seconds]</em></p>
<p><em>C: Foreign body in there</em></p>
<p><em>B: It’s the raisins</em></p>
<p><em>C: Oh is it oh it’s rice with raisins is it</em></p>
<p><em>B: no no no it’s not</em></p>
<p><em> Supposed to be [laughs] erm</em></p>
<p><em>C: There must be raisin for it being in there?</em></p>
<p><em>Example 2: Members of a family are telling ghost stories over dinner in Canterbury, England, in 1993. This story refers back to an earlier newspaper story involving a man having a premonition of death on the ship ‘Hood’. Speaker A begins by describing how the members of the crew were all lined up prior to being selected for the ‘Hood’ and for an anticipated escape.</em></p>
<p><em>A: Oh yes, I mean they were all eager to get on it they were really looking forward to being the chosen ones [B: Mm] and he was one of the ones who was called up [B: yeah] and he was getting ready to go and the chief petty officer came back and said, oh no it’s a mistake</em></p>
<p><em>C: We’ve got one extra</em></p>
<p><em>A: Dymock, Dymock, er you’re not needed [B: Mm] and er he was a bit disappointed and he went back, carried on with what he was doing and the boat sailed out and was torpedoed and</em></p>
<p><em>C: by a German ship</em></p>
<p><em>D: Everyone, everyone died</em></p>
<p><em>C: Anyway, all hands lost but legs saved [All: laugh]</em></p>
<p><em>B: Well, sailors were always getting legless, weren’t they, anyway [All: laugh]</em></p>
<p><em>A: Finding their sea legs</em></p>
<p><em>B: Yeah</em></p>
<p>Conventionally, we would regard Shakespeare as a writer of literature. His punning is an example of language being used creatively, drawing attention to itself and, here, creating a humorous effect. The two examples from CANCODE of spoken discourse also foreground language to achieve a humorous impact. However, only Shakespeare is typically regarded as ‘literature’; we would not normally regard spoken conversation as ‘literature’. Why do you think this is?</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>So What is English Literature?</h2>
<p>The final activity is a theoretical reading, written from the Marxist perspective of Terry Eagleton. The reading is very accessible, and in fact the polemical, colloquial style, which seems to cue for the oral mode, is perhaps worth discussing with students. Eagleton is, arguably, very persuasive. However, the ‘point’ of the activities in this scheme of work is to provoke thought and debate, not to incite cynicism in young people. Thus, for students who find Eagleton convincing, it can be worth asking them if it isn’t in fact the case that some writing is simply better than other writing. Moreover, before ‘firing the canon’, students may be asked to consider why some literature has been consistently highly valued. Eagleton doesn’t seem to explain this. Ultimately, to suggest that literature is somehow tantamount to ideology may be rather reductive. </p>
<div class="yellowBg">
<p><a href="/media/ib/englishalanglit/files/English%20in%20Crisis.pdf"><img class="ico" src="../../../thinkib/icons/exercise.png"> So What is English Literature?</a></p>
<div class="tib-hiddenbox">So what is English Literature?
<p><em>Before reading further, you may like to note down and then share your ideas on who the greatest writers in the English language are. Also, what are the best literary works in the English language? What is the basis for the claims you make?</em></p>
<p><em>Now, read on…</em></p>
<p><em>So far, it has been claimed that literature is a special case of language art. Literary language draws attention to itself, encouraging readers to consider their world afresh. However, you will have noticed that not all kinds of language art are regarded as literature. This may be curious, since if it is the imaginative nature of literary writing that makes it ‘different’, then why is not all imaginative writing literature?</em></p>
<p><em>In the following extract, the Marxist literary critic, Terry Eagleton, tries to address this question. As you read, notice, in his ‘sociocultural’ response, what is considered literature is always dependent on social and historical contexts. Read the text now.</em></p>
<p>One of the traditional rationales for studying literature was, to put it crudely, that it made you a finer sort of person. The case suffered a severe setback when it was discovered that Nazi concentration camp commandants used to while away their leisure hours reading Goethe. Another rationale was that the study of literature introduced you to the truest, most timeless values of humanity. Casting a quick eye through the annals of English literature, this case is perhaps a bit hard to swallow. Most of the agreed major writers of literature, for example, have been thoroughly imbued with the prejudices of their age, elitist, sexist, frequently reactionary in their outlook, illiberal in opinion. Of the agreed major authors of twentieth-century English literature, two (Pound and Yeats) fellow-travelled with fascism, while others (Eliot, Lawrence) displayed extreme right-wing, pseudo-fascistic sentiments. Wordsworth wrote in praise of capital punishment, Edmund Spenser advocated the oppression of the Irish people, Joseph Conrad detested popular democracy, George Eliot feared the radical working class, Alexander Pope sneered at women and Shakespeare is unlikely to have been over enthusiastic about Jews. One wonders whether this is really the kind of stuff any decent liberal should place in the hands of an impressionable Young Person. Perhaps all of this can be dismissed as superficial political comment, remote from the ‘transcendental’ nature of great literature; but politics, at the deepest level, means the values by which whole communities live, and if literature is as much a social product as washing powder and automobiles then such considerations can hardly be irrelevant to it. Throughout the history of the English people, a great many individuals other than Spenser, Pope and Conrad have produced an enormous amount of literature; but since they were peasants, women, Chartist activists or foreigners scribbling away in some British colony, their work was not regarded as ‘timeless’ or ‘disinterested’ enough to qualify for an entry ticket into the canon of Great Authors.</p>
<p>One of the permanent embarrassments of studying literature is that nobody has ever been able to come up with an adequate definition of what exactly it is. The dividing lines between ‘literary’ works and other forms of writing are notoriously blurred and unstable. Cardinal Newman is (perhaps) literature, but Charles Darwin is not; some execrable poetry in a ‘high’ mode belongs to the canon, but some superb contemporary science fiction in a more popular mode does not. <em>East Enders </em>is not literature, but quite a few turgid minor seventeenth-century dramas are. The poet, John Cooper-Clarke, who can pack a fair-sized hall any night of the week, is not really literature, whereas a more respectable poet who would be lucky to pack a broom cupboard will be graced with the title. There is, in fact, no such thing as literature: literature is just the kind of writing which the academic establishments decide is literary. And those decisions can vary a good deal from age to age and society to society.</p>
<p>So, indeed, can the issue of what form of writing is considered <em>valuable</em>. The custodians of English literature seem to believe that there are certain literary works which just are, unquestionably and for all time, of major distinction; but one glance at the mixed fortunes of such works throughout the history of literary judgement should be enough to dissuade us of any such delusion. Many an eighteenth-century critic thought Shakespeare rather vulgar, and many a writer we now value highly was denigrated or ignored in his or her day. The grounds on which we judge literary works to be good, bad, or indifferent may shift from time to time and place to place. If a future age can simply find nothing relevant to itself in Shakespeare – if his work has come to appear desperately alien to their own preoccupations – then Shakespeare will have ceased to be valuable. And there is no reason to assume, dogmatically, that this would inevitably be a bad thing.</p>
<p>On a traditional, critical view, literary works are the creative expression of the unique experience of certain highly gifted individuals, embodying the fundamental truths of humanity. For much contemporary critical theory, almost every phrase in this formulation is deeply suspect. There is, for example, a good deal of heated controversy these days over what we mean by an ‘author’ in the first place. Who is the author of <em>Nightmare on Elm Street</em>, and does it matter? ‘Many things’, wrote a famous French poet, go into the creation of a literary work’. Is it adequate to see literature as an ‘expression’ of the individual, and does it necessarily incarnate fundamental truths? Do all great works of literature ‘transcend’ their specific time and place, or are they not rather deeply rooted in the history which surrounds them?</p>
<p> ‘English in Crisis’ by Terry Eagleton</p>
<p><em>Think, now, about what you have read:</em></p>
<p><em>Eagleton highlights two quite different conceptions of ‘literature’. On the one hand he outlines the ‘traditional’ view of literature. In this view, literature involves the creative expression of ‘transcendent’ ideas that express fundamental truths about the human condition. On the other hand – in Eagleton’s view – there is no such thing as literature. Literature, in this view, is simply a social product; it is writing that expresses the values of a particular place and time, and is highly valued by elite groups.</em></p>
<p><em>These are, admittedly challenging ideas. They are also ideas that might worry you. After all, if there is no such thing as literature, or nor unequivocally defined way of describing literature, why should you waste your time studying a course called ‘Language and Literature’?</em></p>
<p><em>So, what do you think?</em></p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>Towards Assessment</h2>
<p>In a sense, the above activities have a relevance to all parts of the course; not only the literature components. There is a particular relevance, however, to some of the <a href="../../written-tasks/wt2-questions-samples.htm">six prescribed questions</a> that inform Written Task type 2. </p>
<h2>Links to Theory of Knowledge (TOK)</h2>
<p><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; ">Eagleton's Marxist perspective suggests that literature is closely related to ideology. Canonical works - works of so-called 'great literature' - work in the main to express the ideas and values of elite groups, contributing to what Antonio Gramsci called 'hegemony'. In TOK, students are interested in 'ways of knowing'; that is, the 'mechanisms through which we know'. It can be said that one way of knowing is 'knowledge by authority'. Thus, for Eagleton, literature represents a conduit for privileged groups to inculcate a particular set of self-serving values, beliefs, and attitudes. Is this what literature is? </span></p>
<script>document.querySelectorAll('.tib-teacher-only').forEach(e => e.remove());</script>
</section>
</div>
</article>
</div><!-- /#main-column -->
</div>
</div><!-- /#content -->
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer" class="student-access">
<div class="wmap">
<div class="layout-wrapper">
<p>
© <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear())</script> <em>InThinking</em>
|
<a target="_self" href="https://thinkib.net/subscribe/about-us">
About us
</a>
|
<a target="_self" href="https://thinkib.net/subscribe/legal">
Legal
</a>
|
<a target="_self" href="https://thinkib.net/subscribe/contact">
Contact
</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="social" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/#!/inthinker">
<img src="../../../social/twitter-square.svg"> Twitter
</a>
<a class="social" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/inthinking.net">
<img src="../../../social/facebook-square.svg"> Facebook
</a>
<a class="social" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/9s4we1">
<img src="../../../social/linkedin-square.svg"> LinkedIn
</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<input id="tzoffset" type="hidden" value="25200"><div id="modal-session-expired" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" data-backdrop="static" data-keyboard="false">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<h3 style="margin-top: 0">Your session has expired</h3>
</div>
<div class="modal-body" style="padding: 10px;">
<p>You will have to reload and log in again.</p>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<a id="session-expired" class="btn btn-danger pull-right" href="#">
<i class="fa fa-refresh"></i> Reload
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Loading scripts at the end of the body means faster page loading -->
<script src="../../../js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>
<script src="../../../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/jq-fancybox/jquery.fancybox.pack.js"></script>
<script src="../../../js/sidemenu/sidemenu.min.js?v=202011301145"></script><script src="../../../js/std-access/std-assignments-utils.min.js?v=202304281200"></script><script src="../../../js/std-access/std-comments-utils.min.js?v=202303031505"></script><script src="../../../js/std/std-task-utils.min.js?v=202303031505"></script><script src="../../../js/jq-mark.js/jquery.mark.min.js"></script><!-- MathJax only to render Math ML -->
<!--<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>-->
<script src="../../../ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/MathJax.js?config=MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
<style>
.math-tex {
font-size: 1.15em !important;
}
.math-tex span.ML__text {
/*font-family: inherit !important;*/
}
.ML__text + .ML__mathit {
margin-left: 0 !important;
}
.math-tex img, .math-tex + img, span img {
box-shadow: none;
margin: 0;
}
</style>
<script src="../../../mathlive%400.93.0/dist/mathlive.min.js" async="" defer=""></script>
<script>
window.addEventListener('load',
() => MathLive.renderMathInDocument()
);
</script>
<script src="../../../js/header-circle.min.js?v=202303031505"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/cookies.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// The cookies alert
if (! readCookie("displayCookieConsent") && ! readCookie("y") ) {
var cookieMSG = "We use cookies. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used.";
setTimeout(function() {
$.ajax({
cache: true,
url: "js/cookiechoices.js",
dataType: "script",
success: function () {
cookieChoices.showCookieConsentBar(cookieMSG, 'close', 'Read more', "englishalanglit/legal#cookies");
}
});
}, 2000);
}
</script><script>var sAJAX='/pages/activity/user-stats-page.php?t=0x0x&x=22515';var sData='[|L0x0x|L6hI>2UjpCqiT2UMWQnV]SIxZjhvw8UNcMUI>FhI])LvC1o|2)+iw6ovTYUNS1LvTe+I>Q2|r[UxbMLNbYoiQChNf[5[bMLmTYqNu8/[g[0x0xCowZ1qx/z]4]6/Obc2iZQ2|ncIj>0x0x[5[bg+NLc/[g[2|TMojTe+iTahNk[5[/Sn-kM]tbZ';var loopSecs = 30;var lsKey = '0279cf2560ffc6cb5531de126a267933';</script><script src="../../../js/user/user-stats-page.min.js?v=202102101800"></script><script>var sessionUpdateSecs = 600;</script><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../js/session-updater.js?v=20200831"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
function padLeft(str,max){return str.length<max?padLeft("0"+str,max):str}function padRight(str,max){return str.length<max?padRight(str+"0",max):str}$("body").on("click",'a[href="#"], a.fancybox-nav, a[data-toggle="tab"], a[data-toggle="dropdown"], a[data-toggle="collapse"], a[data-toggle="modal"]',function(e){e.preventDefault()});var topmenuOffset=0;var topmenuHeight=0;function fixDiv(t,h){if($(window).scrollTop()<topmenuOffset||$("#topmenu ul.level-1").is(":visible")){$("#topmenu").css({position:"",width:""});$("#topmenu").removeClass("fixed-top");$("body").css({"padding-top":"0"})}else{$("#topmenu").css({position:"fixed",top:"0",width:$("#topmenu").width()+"px"});$("#topmenu").addClass("fixed-top");$("body").css({"padding-top":topmenuHeight+"px"})}}function fixSearchNav(){var searchMenuTop=topmenuOffset+topmenuHeight;var searchMenuH=$("#nav-menu-search").is(":visible")?$("#nav-menu-search").outerHeight():0;if($(window).scrollTop()>searchMenuTop-topmenuHeight){var borderBottomWidth=parseInt($("#topmenu").css("borderBottomWidth"))+1;$("#nav-menu-search").css({position:"fixed",top:topmenuHeight+borderBottomWidth+"px",left:"0",right:"0"});$("#nav-menu-search").addClass("fixed-top");$("body").css("padding-top",topmenuHeight+searchMenuH+"px")}else{$("#nav-menu-search").css({position:""});$("#nav-menu-search").removeClass("fixed-top");$("body").css("padding-top","0")}}if($("#topmenu").length){topmenuOffset=$("#topmenu").offset().top;topmenuHeight=$("#topmenu").outerHeight();fixDiv();$(window).scroll(function(){fixDiv();fixSearchNav()})}$("a.toggle-menu-search").on("click",function(e){e.preventDefault();$("#nav-menu-search").slideToggle("fast",function(){$(this).find('input[name="s"]').focus()})});var menuH=$("#topmenu").height();var itemH=$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").height();$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").each(function(){if(menuH>itemH&&$(this).position().top<1){var i=itemH+1;$(this).find("ul:first").css("margin-top","-"+i+"px")}});$("#topmenu > nav > ul > li").on("mouseenter mouseleave",function(e){var submenu=$("ul:first",this);var submenuW=submenu.width();if($(this).offset().left+submenuW>$(window).width()){submenu.css("right","0");submenu.find("ul").each(function(){if(!$(this).hasClass("fixed")){var l=$(this).width()+submenuW;$(this).css("margin-left","-"+l+"px");$(this).addClass("fixed")}})}});$("a.showhider").click(function(e){e.preventDefault();var box="#"+$(this).attr("rel");var show='<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>';var hide='<i class="fa fa-eye-slash"></i>';$(box).slideToggle("fast");$(this).html($(this).html()==show?hide:show);$(this).attr("title",$(this).attr("title")=="Show"?"Hide":"Show")});function fancyScrollTo(id){$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:$("#"+id).offset().top-300},300)}$("a.scroll-to").click(function(e){e.preventDefault();var n=$("#"+$(this).data("target")).offset().top-70;$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:n},300)});$("a.print-section-blog").click(function(e){e.preventDefault();printSectionBlog()});$(".print-button").click(function(e){e.preventDefault();var target="#"+$(this).data("target-id");PopupPrint(target)});function printSectionBlog(){var w=$(window).width()/2,h=$(window).height()-100;var windowSettings="height="+h+", width="+w+", left=0, top=0, resizable=no, ";windowSettings+="scrollbars=yes, toolbar=no, menubar=no, location=no, ";windowSettings+="directories=no, status=yes";var myWindow=window.open("","Page printer",windowSettings);var containerHtml=["<html>","<head>","<title>Page printer</title>",'<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/style.min.css?v=20230303">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+"/css/style"+SITE_TAG+'.min.css?v=202104061357">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/snippets.min.css?v=202210181500">','<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="'+window.location.origin+'/css/article.min.css?v=202210181500">',"</head>","<body>",$("section#main-content").html().replace(/<span\sclass="MJX_Assistive_MathML".*?<\/span>/g,""),"</body>","</html>"].join("");containerHtml=containerHtml.replace(/src="files\//gi,'src="'+window.location.origin+"/files/");myWindow.document.write(containerHtml);myWindow.document.close();myWindow.focus();setTimeout(function(){$.when(myWindow.print()).then(myWindow.close())},1e3)}function PopupPrint(target){window.print()}$(".alert.alert-success").delay(6e3).hide("fast",fixDiv());var fancyParent=$("body").find($("#main-article")).length==1?"#main-article":"body";var fancyOptions={loop:false,openEffect:"elastic",closeEffect:"elastic",nextEffect:"fade",prevEffect:"fade",parent:fancyParent,helpers:{title:{type:"inside"}}};$("ul.gallery").each(function(){var rel=$(this).find("li:first-child > a:first-child").attr("rel");$('ul.gallery a.fancy[rel="'+rel+'"]').fancybox(fancyOptions)});$(".carousel.slide").each(function(){var rel="gallery-"+$(this).data("id");$('.carousel.slide a.fancy[rel="'+rel+'"]').fancybox(fancyOptions)});$("img.pop").parent("a").each(function(){$(this).attr("title",$(this).children("img").attr("alt"))});$("img.pop").parent("a").fancybox({loop:false,helpers:{title:{type:"inside"}}});if(!are_cookies_enabled()){var msg='<div class="alert alert-error"><i class="fa fa-warning"></i> Your browser does not accept cookies from this site. '+"Please enable cookies to log in.</div>"+'<div class="alert alert-info"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Enabling cookies in '+'<a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/enable-and-disable-cookies-website-preferences">Firefox</a>, '+'<a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/61416?hl=en">Chrome</a>, '+'<a target="_blank" style="margin: 0; padding: 0;" href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-vista/block-or-allow-cookies">Explorer</a>'+"</div>";$("#modal-login .modal-header").append(msg)}$(".panel-expandable > .panel-heading").click(function(e){e.preventDefault();var panel=$(this).closest(".panel-expandable");var expandables=panel.hasClass("panel-has-footer")?".panel-body, .panel-footer":".panel-body";if(panel.find(".panel-body").is(":visible")){panel.find(expandables).slideUp("fast");panel.find(".expander > .fa-minus").removeClass("fa-minus").addClass("fa-plus")}else{panel.find(expandables).slideDown("fast");panel.find(".expander > .fa-plus").removeClass("fa-plus").addClass("fa-minus")}});$("#modal-find-out-more").css({width:$("#container").width()*.8+"px","margin-left":$("#container").width()*-.4+"px"});if($(".modal-xxl").length){var modalTopPos=Math.round($(window).height()*.07);if($(window).width()>1200){$(".modal-xxl").css({"max-width":$(window).width()>960?"960px":$(window).width()+"px",width:$(window).width()>960?"960px":$(window).width()+"px","margin-left":$(window).width()>960?"-480px":Math.round($(window).width()/2)})}$(".modal-xxl").css("top",modalTopPos+"px");$(".modal-xxl").on("shown",function(){var mHeaderH=$(this).find(".modal-header").outerHeight();var mBody=$(this).find(".modal-body");var mBodyH=mBody.outerHeight();var mFooterH=$(this).find(".modal-footer").outerHeight();var bottomOfTheModal=modalTopPos+mHeaderH+mBodyH+mFooterH;if(bottomOfTheModal<$(window).height()){mBodyH+=$(window).height()-bottomOfTheModal-60;mBody.css("max-height",mBodyH+"px")}else{$(window).scrollTop(0);modalTopPos=10;$(".modal-xxl").css("top",modalTopPos+"px");bottomOfTheModal=modalTopPos+mHeaderH+mBodyH+mFooterH;availableScroll=bottomOfTheModal-$(window).height()+modalTopPos;var lastPos=-1;$(window).on("scroll",function(){var s=$(window).scrollTop()>availableScroll?availableScroll:$(window).scrollTop();newPos=modalTopPos-s;if(newPos!=lastPos){$(".modal-xxl").css("top",newPos+"px");lastPos=newPos}})}})}$(".open-student-access-help").click(function(e){e.preventDefault();var h=$(window).height()-20;var w=$(window).width()<1280?$(window).width():1280;popupHelp(helpURL,"Student Access Help",w,h)});$(".pop-up-help").click(function(e){e.preventDefault();var url=$(this).attr("href");var title=$(this).data("title");var h=$(window).height()-20;var w=$(window).width()<1280?$(window).width():1280;popupHelp(url,title,w,h)});function popupHelp(url,title,w,h){var dualScreenLeft=window.screenLeft!==undefined?window.screenLeft:screen.left;var dualScreenTop=window.screenTop!==undefined?window.screenTop:screen.top;var width=window.innerWidth?window.innerWidth:document.documentElement.clientWidth?document.documentElement.clientWidth:screen.width;var height=window.innerHeight?window.innerHeight:document.documentElement.clientHeight?document.documentElement.clientHeight:screen.height;var left=width/2-w/2+dualScreenLeft;var top=height/2-h/2+dualScreenTop;var newWindow=window.open(url,title,"menubar=no,location=no,resizable=0, width="+w+", height="+h+", top="+top+", left="+left);if(window.focus){if(newWindow){newWindow.focus()}else{$('<div class="alert alert-warning" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><p class="help-block">Pop Up blocked. Please allow Pop Ups in your browser settings.</p></div>').insertBefore("body")}}return newWindow}if($("section.tib-hiddenbox").length){var count=0;$($("section.tib-hiddenbox").get().reverse()).each(function(){var box=$(this);var revealButton=$("<a />").attr("class","btn showhider").attr("rel","hiddenBoxContent"+count).attr("style","margin-bottom: 0;").html('<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>');revealButton.insertBefore(box);var newContainer=$("<div />").attr("class","hidden-content").attr("id","hiddenBoxContent"+count).html(box.html());newContainer.hide();newContainer.insertBefore(box);box.remove();count++});$("a.showhider").on("click",function(e){var container=$("#"+$(this).attr("rel"));if(container.is(":hidden")){container.fadeIn("fast");$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-eye-slash"></i>')}else{container.fadeOut("fast");$(this).html('<i class="fa fa-eye"></i>')}})}
$('img.ico[src="https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/icons/comments.png"]').each(function(){var comment=$(this).attr("title");$(this).removeAttr("title");$(this).wrap('<a class="tib-popover" href="#" data-content="'+comment+'" data-togle="popover" data-placement="top" />')});$('img.ico[src="https://assets.inthinking.net/thinkib/icons/comments.png"]').each(function(){var comment=$(this).attr("title");$(this).removeAttr("title");$(this).wrap('<a class="tib-popover" href="#" data-content="'+comment+'" data-togle="popover" data-placement="top" />')});$(".tib-popover").popover({html:true,trigger:"hover",delay:{show:300,hide:300},placement:function(context,source){var position=$(source).position();if(position.top>200){return"top"}if(position.left<515){return"right"}if(position.top<200){return"bottom"}if(position.left>515){return"left"}return"top"}}).click(function(e){e.preventDefault()});var carouselTime=6500;$("div.carousel.slide").carousel({interval:carouselTime});$(".tib-indicators > img").click(function(){var index=$(this).index();var container=$(this).closest(".carousel.slide");container.carousel(index)});setShowResultsListeners($("#container"));addMarksThreads($("#modal-std-write"));
$('a.btn.showhider').click(function(e) {
var showHiderId = $( this ).attr('rel');
if( $('#'+showHiderId).find('iframe').length > 0 ) {
$('#'+showHiderId+' iframe').each(function() {
if ( $(this).attr('src').indexOf('.pdf') > 0 ) {
this.contentWindow.location.reload(true);
}
});
}
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>